P2P.org Blog: Insights, Guides, and News (Page 7)

Agoric P2P Validator Joins Agoric as a Node Operator

Agoric is a secure JavaScript smart-contract platform that allows developers to reuse a set of trusted components to build decentralized applications (dApps). Smart-contracts power the new efficient economy that doesn't rely on a third party while all the interactions within the system are fair and transparent. Critical smart-contract bugs result in million dollar losses for developers and users of dApps. They are still considered risky and difficult to use.Agoric uses an object-capabilities (ocap) security architecture defining constraints on how references to the objects are obtained. It simplifies building an application allowing developers to focus on it's purpose and makes interaction with contracts much safer. With the Zoe framework developed by Agoric even a buggy contract won't lead to the loss of funds put inside as they become automatically escrowed.Another well-known problem is a lack of developers in crypto. Many exciting use cases are still to be invented. Inflow of new talents can boost the ecosystem’s growth adding to composability. JavaScript remains the most fast-growing programming language having over 10 millions developers all over the world. We believe that a composable framework built by Agoric is capable of attracting a significant portion of JavaScript developers into the space.We are excited to announce that P2P Validator joined Agoric mainnet as a node operator. Agoric vision is fully in line with our mission to make decentralized finance secure, accessible and simple for everyone.Our team has more than 3 years of experience in validating Tendermint based networks. P2P Validator maintains highly-available nodes, uses advanced alerting and monitoring systems providing 24/7 technical support. We are early Agoric investors having our own skin in the game.Currently Agoric is in phase 0 of mainnet. We have prepared a <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/staking-agoric-with-keplr-wallet/">staking guide</a> to simplify delegation process. Feel free to visit <a href="https://p2p.org/agoric?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/agoric</a> to find out more.<h3 id="about-agoric">About Agoric</h3>Agoric is developing a secure distributed ocap platform for smart-contracts and market-oriented programming. It provides a reusable library of safe composable DeFi components to build decentralized applications at scale. It is built by the team that is deeply involved in the JavaScript and Cosmos ecosystem. Agoric is supported by notable venture funds including Polychain, Outlier Ventures, Placeholder, Compound and many others.Learn more by visiting the<a href="https://agoric.com/?ref=p2p.org"> Agoric website</a>,<a href="https://twitter.com/agoric?ref=p2p.org"> Twitter</a> or<a href="https://t.me/agoricsystems?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram</a>. If you’re a developer, explore possibilities<a href="https://agoric.com/develop/?ref=p2p.org"> here</a> and join the discussion on<a href="https://agoric.com/discord?ref=p2p.org"> Discord</a>.<h3 id="about-p2p">About P2P</h3><a href="https://p2p.org/?utm_source=p2p_agoric_announcement&utm_medium=blog_post&utm_campaign=announcement_about_p2p_agoric&utm_id=2">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading staking provider with the best industry security practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only top-notch staking opportunities. At the time of the latest update, more than 3 billion of USD value is staked with P2P Validator by over 20,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are early Agoric investors committed to provide a long term support for the ecosystem.

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Elrond Elrond (EGLD) Guide Using Maiar Mobile Wallet

We have created a step-by-step guide to help you stake Elrond (EGLD) using the Maiar mobile wallet.<h3 id="create-your-elrond-wallet">Create your Elrond Wallet</h3> Start by heading over to the Maiar <a href="https://maiar.com/?ref=p2p.org">website</a> and download the app. The app is available for both <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.elrond.maiar.wallet&ref=p2p.org">Android</a> and <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/maiar/id1519405832?ref=p2p.org">IoS</a> devices. Once you have downloaded the app, launch it and press continue until you reach this screen: <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Gu9cSD8sKYaW2nMcKJd0RUF84Hak8tLwcIDv5hE6kZW8B6baHxKJJ0JATwbt2cd_u0xp8mMEUzPIOTh_E-jRuf8ajJpIrffOv_IXkzsiiMAJYqTWwAzJEMZMeyB5Q6HNIZfEgEqq" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> After you click “create a new wallet”, you will be prompted to input your phone number. A verification code will be sent to you. Input the code and your wallet will be all set up. Now all you have to do is deposit funds into the wallet. <h3 id="deposit-egld">Deposit EGLD</h3>There are 2 ways to fund the wallet. You can use the original wallet address or the herotag associated with your wallet. The herotag can only be used if you are receiving funds from another Maiar wallet. To find the address, click on eGold on the main screen and select deposit. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/U2HKXEz--5Xxap9ebyjN9NwPUez3STiSz2xaESNSUv9Vob1m9ZOSmtCY2CYsWwus3L-d3kWjzcjHBfkPQ2B7F4e-kIVFWn91eJldpaIEfIdddZ44jMrkBgQpcedyWD8xK6YuCos7" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure><h3 id="stake-egld">Stake EGLD</h3>To stake, click on the button located on the bottom middle of the screen:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/U2HKXEz--5Xxap9ebyjN9NwPUez3STiSz2xaESNSUv9Vob1m9ZOSmtCY2CYsWwus3L-d3kWjzcjHBfkPQ2B7F4e-kIVFWn91eJldpaIEfIdddZ44jMrkBgQpcedyWD8xK6YuCos7" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> A drop down menu will appear. Once there click "Earn": <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/gYKaV7WN6I5_qEfDWvJwYwtCH3TgaeOsw8q7df0qb-uh1F_L7_TEp8el91ml15oSbsp483wvBtKg5b9GUCQcJZxrc29wqGH6xehkfyHk0bymCEsygCBx_Hu2_6owYcDVukdKlHpN" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> This new screen displays your current delegations and rewards. Proceed by clicking “Stake”:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/cCxBazFxpPYkIl_08XpEMiIVvsLY21gT2vkcy3V9whCqsBPg9qiuyt10rM4b5xvLF0u0COPb6UQNADd9XuSV8iStzq62aME7tcoA19t9gmxAC72h_t-i9_zvn8fQLuiaNLQH6MoQ" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> Search for P2P validator from the list of staking providers and select it before pressing continue:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/XiimaVFFgLuUCA7lat5mIJ74sNY_CyPxWZL9ID6gIccyIvNSbBwGQW7khZfcECHIOifoFGFwZUbzhVl4FpYxDxdQczQZzR50Hy8LmV1ZKc_WlPHg_a_L_QDGg15OSsPXOfpVQqqQ" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Input the amount that you want to stake and press continue. Please note that the minimum amount is 1 EGLD:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/C17eYkRPHuTZn7r9GFfl0CXW_4WU6c_-LaJEK8on0M5J8aRf0SNCjV7xG7E1cRknIYyYY_Njt-2pCEiiwNJDQtAH6B32FczN_kqtbdum-huBmyF1nw0rW6QK-t8l8rqk1C5v9tpd" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>A confirmation screen will pop-up. Once you verify that everything is in order press stake. After waiting a few seconds for the transaction to be confirmed you should now be staking. You can confirm by going to the previous screen where you will see your active staking:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/BSGxs9_s7UkjCYzaHMiYa2IW9JekQJwOUdDm1doKEFA8f8UMRZPP-R8BxP4JUK7C5W3nuCSdvXy-4uhNVwmGoao9gUBG7mSBZCXD42r0ek-rf8YSEM_aMmfe2KUYfpu49zcMZRfN" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> Thats it! You will start receiving rewards at the end of the next epoch with each epoch lasting 24 hours. Please note that you will have to manually claim your rewards. <hr><h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider with the best industry practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities securing more than 4 billion of USD value at the time of the latest update.P2P Validator is trusted by over 24,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are a major player in all networks we support because of our experience, commitments and our reputation. We pay special attention to the process of governance.<hr>Want to stake Elrond (EGLD) with us? Visit <a href="https://p2p.org/elrond?ref=p2p.org">https://p2p.org/elrond</a> to find out more about Elrond staking. If you have any questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>, we are always open for communication.

Admin

from p2p validator

Elrond Elrond (EGLD) Staking Guide Using Elrond Web Wallet

We have created a step-by-step guide to help you stake Elrond (EGLD) using the Elrond web wallet.<h3 id="create-your-elrond-wallet">Create your Elrond Wallet</h3><ol><li>First you need to go to the wallet <a href="https://wallet.elrond.com/?ref=p2p.org">website</a>. Once there you will be prompted to begin the process. Start by pressing the “Let’s get started” box: </li></ol><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-DMtPCmaZa9_qX6EyjGjPYxJLh_7uwx_I6Hat_r8Ua5gW2Uddz41bablvlNxKEnmPli80f0GR5aG-hzCkw5J5HEPy4dLxJvppunG3S-Cm-Da0MzHjSmfY-s_1U-3xsG7Q2arb5u8" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>2. You will then be presented with some information about the wallet. Be sure to read it, and once you are done press the “Next step” box and finally the “Thanks for the info” box:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/5H-OsTIShKlHy_eRYfun58-P6PjwyHQdt2nudHpvuZN7uSudB0SHzSQJdmqOgi4s6sxmxrW0gvyRzx1HSG37k3Z0h9aRdRO8_vM20j-CWeoA_boynNsyJ8MKMIBWUYAAJa0rKbBY" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>3. Now you can click on the “create wallet” box:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/NmV6ejIv_3QeyJAujlY4tvTC-I6WxBLYFu5VD0XWGqvRCZz4Lf9hWmmQilIBNEx4bxBWAr0DoUSlNME74MS81KVZh3erUa65zdZJ7ozPJBiKR9Z7w3y5gpfTh2E9WXT84dC-ujvf" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>4. Read and select both prompts to continue: <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/13iL-5Uq-W5DcR7td3AabOdfEmC-MHbNqvSsIdWdMb9IfZ0_YcBCYUMVAtKtaRTuwNiFVAbsh2DeG2-KOiOQc35WnvUbukjL-5lozHHy1Z_QWTPPoTB0MtNg_rE067MYf44wJqtH" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>5. Write down your seed phrase in a secure place that only you can access. This is used to gain back access to your wallet if you lose it. If you lose the seed phrase you may lose the funds stored in the wallet. Warning: Never share this with anyone.6. Enter the words in the corrected order as prompted by the screen: <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/9ubcwmhitRnN9ndfhmmK06k1POn9fT9oRmoOJRRvkdrKgA5Du9aLVj9E404Jb6LZj90ags3L40VJOv5IsiDNN_JA-TTYNZ-38mWZWzt6otT9YCmUnT5PZqIY-KkVVWpvAaenAH8r" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>7. Next, create a password for your wallet (it must contain at least one number and a special character):<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Nhei9GK81gVRFlABqHBh7xWuRigxOpqWMlyDAX90GLzTev1KEV6VY9HXtepPLZicpSSrxByFhi9w28FtxYlqEdQ-Xf1tq2XoK-G6qGCpz6gDrKlXhGyAH386g0K3jNMGvuRBc0B_" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>8. And you are all set! The wallet has been created. You might notice that a file was downloaded to your device. This file is required to access your wallet, so keep it safe. If you lose it you can recover access using the seed phrase. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/_2kTJiKkaLCsqiudVKUYXpTJErWhi_38c5EKmV9SnOiUzHWAbdF65QeF99xVv8Thnqb2JPA7EmFvsYnm-ouxYIwYQki54mNa8hXZAjCc4707bulPEZUKLWlbvfRrCZv100oG0GtE" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure><h3 id="stake-egld">Stake EGLD</h3>1. First you need to go to the Stake section of the wallet. Select Stake on the Menu on the right-hand side of your screen:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/zmLgPY8D122Ua0Y-0ZTlcGmXjIVWDKH83Ni2OFVqebd2Ue2g9sboawBE5MZjakqa2LOPdI6su65pZn8pBbaHzzJNS5OeN0dGV9oGAZKDv6h57eXMKvU4Ivmyaxfrj57sFFYliBU6" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> 2. You will be taken to the Staking Dashboard, where you can find information about your stake and rewards (once we complete the process). Once there press “stake now” and a new window will open:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Si7lCVtJz_tyvUE01Ky9oHituMgk-O8Gf65oichfhmKxCNWhzmziMsDd3BuWhP4yMqMrP9cpzRSnpyZz3XEnVxW-lxRtE1Hne7FyvHZvSl7y5yFhKUnQ6eCm9kTSgq8_wlUYPKQG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>3. Find P2P validator from the list and select it. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/EnDGlvUwkzog5m5k-qzJBi7SROJzK_gKc3aSLpmvotSKD4AbLeHPAwAw0o6zPa9QmVqgWybDNoqOeC_iwvTQG7kquskLqXCg5DuwTHgPqGS-Cg3JE7LmEp-2ecwugC48LWCR9Q7_" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>4. Input the amount you want to stake and press continue. Please note that a minimum of 1 EGLD is required to start staking:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/K8D0BR_mgU-1nlybIN5i4UQZMCOKlPzw5F66M6nQP9NRUPhezkhp5-Jh6qRPrfTWfcygymRVqsirV6yZiaZ9pj-6dIYNvU6MwJCkv25Kc96aPwI_gR3TVuCwYFbv8qrME4cYqwAU" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>5. In the next screen, you can review all the transaction information. If everything is in order, press the “confirm” button:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/lK08z3d41D9BKsYjwzcAyi9S6d0Ct0RGpt4-kJHLWHppKBqQEBI7rnKkPud11oRQMe5fTrkEcCZqN5gRCzPjw3WyNSZQ94XKlqHYzzrreKXf66QP6MxxOZlwOYz3IOnfeJ_sE2-k" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>6. After a few seconds your transaction will be processed: <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/TT5lzr4sSOM6VtQQP6ozEJSkzdnDsHhRlDOB9g6sr1ld22xmJJ1ALotZ4UQRrb-83iGvGyzuVYiy05GEIWxasfhAnScRTvf9_ToImq0LSh0gl5a93KOQ4aM1Al_TSbIGplEFFhTZ" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> Your funds are now staking. You will start receiving rewards at the end of the next epoch with each epoch lasting 24 hours. Please note that you will have to manually claim your rewards.<hr><h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider with the best industry practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities securing more than 4 billion of USD value at the time of the latest update.P2P Validator is trusted by over 24,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are a major player in all networks we support because of our experience, commitments and our reputation. We pay special attention to the process of governance.<hr>Want to stake Elrond (EGLD) with us? Visit <a href="https://p2p.org/elrond?ref=p2p.org">https://p2p.org/elrond</a> to find out more about Elrond staking. If you have any questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>, we are always open for communication.

Admin

from p2p validator

Solana Solana Validators Performance Research, part 1: Downtime Analysis

Welcome to the first article in the series of publications on the Solana validators performance research by P2P Validator. In our opinion, performance of the Solana network validators is one of the most important aspects which determine the network growth and sustainability. Our team has done a deep dive into this topic and we want to share insights gained to benefit the Solana community. The research is devoted to the analysis of the two most important metrics reflecting Solana network validators’ performance: downtime duration (node delinquency/unavailability duration) and skip rate (measuring how frequently a node fails to produce a transaction block which is subsequently confirmed by consensus on the network). In this article we reveal the first part of the research findings regarding analysis of downtime. You can find <a href="https://www.stakingrewards.com/journal/solana-validators-performance-research-report-part-2-skip-rate-analysis/?ref=p2p.org">Part 2 here</a>, covering block skip rate analysis results. <h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2><ul> <li><a href="#preface">Preface</a></li> <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#solana-validators-downtime">Solana validators downtime</a></li> <li><a href="#factors-influencing-downtime-duration">Factors influencing downtime duration</a></li> <li><a href="#downtime-data-analysis">Downtime data analysis</a></li> <li><a href="#nodes-downtime-duration-by-epochs">Nodes downtime duration by epochs</a></li> <li><a href="#supermajority-and-superminority-validators-comparison">Supermajority and superminority validators comparison</a></li> <li><a href="#downtime-duration-distribution-for-updates-and-other-causes">Downtime duration distribution for updates and other causes</a></li> <li><a href="#average-update-time-by-solana-software-versions">Average update time by Solana software versions</a></li> <li><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li> <li><a href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></li> <li><a href="#disclaimer">Disclaimer</a></li> <li><a href="#sources-of-data">Sources of data</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="preface">Preface</h2>All data used for analysis in the research were obtained from publicly available sources such as Solana JSON RPC API, Solanabeach API, Validators.app API and are relevant for Mainnet beta epochs №194-236 unless another epoch or time period is explicitly specified.<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>Solana is a relatively new (went live in March 2020) public high-performance distributed blockchain platform curated by Solana Foundation (non-profit organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland) along with professional blockchain developers, organizations and individuals running validator and RPC nodes and DevOps specialists from all over the world who are dedicated to the decentralization, growth, and security of the Solana network.Solana is one of blockchains that aims to be fast and scalable, without compromising its security or decentralization. Its theoretical throughput limit of 50k transactions per second (TPS) which is twice more than VISA’s limit, which means it can be used for many real-time applications in various business areas. Solana mainnet has already handled more than 35 billion transactions with current throughput exceeding 2000 TPS (see Figure 1) due to high demand for its capabilities and various use cases including: ultra-fast on-chain payments, token creation and distribution, staking through delegation to network validators, smart-contracts, NFTs issuance and trading. Solana ecosystem also provides many different DeFi services such as decentralized exchange, token swaps, liquidity farming and bridging ensuring cross-chain interoperability with other blockchains.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/VYf4yl-UeoEH2-bfH8v7ACSsiTxl2n6d4TM46f_sAKeOUwW_rRCkSelwlOGzzqb9uTXHyj5YQKAK-Wk3XSZDJZLg5EK94MuogDL1J-DWXv5oW8awbwR-tptoGxwmCvY2LYTYlg3L" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 1. Solana’s TPS on 27.10.2021 (see <a href="https://explorer.solana.com/?ref=p2p.org">explorer.solana.com</a> for live data).</figcaption></figure>There are currently more than 1000 independent validators and 800 RPC nodes (see Figure 2) which comprise a physical layer for above mentioned functionality while making the network highly secure and decentralized. Each validator supports the network's operation by providing <a href="https://docs.solana.com/running-validator/validator-reqs?ref=p2p.org">high-end hardware resources</a> and properly configuring their systems to keep the network running as fast and smooth as possible.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/78LCSkFGLBansse0T67-5AmbeRFdQkV4tnzyPE06EXNouo_Kr28DMAXKOv7DiFUo-7m05j0ntYPc0RbblbubK4aLwMSUfr3jgFb17XdETt55bJar-v6s19xi2HrZsfJCpkTQK0jq" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 2. Solana validator nodes map (see <a href="https://solanabeach.io/?ref=p2p.org">https://solanabeach.io/</a> for live data).</figcaption></figure>Validators receive SOL tokens from stakers, participate in the consensus-based process of transactions validation, get rewards proportional to delegated stake amount and distribute these rewards to stakers (proportionally to staked shares) charging a variable commission. The more stake is delegated to a validator, the more this validator (and its delegators) earns and is more frequently chosen to process new transactions on the ledger and, thus, exposed to greater hardware and network load. Thus, on the one hand, validators are economically motivated to keep their hardware and software running without interruptions, and, on the other, to timely update Solana software and to improve their nodes and network connection as their stake and the Solana network load increase.<h1 id="solana-validators-downtime">Solana validators downtime</h1>It is normal for a node to be temporarily unavailable/offline sometimes as every technical system needs periodic maintenance and reconfiguration. Typical reasons for server unavailability are usually quite simple such as planned reboot to update host configuration or software, an emergency (power outage), network problems in the data center or at the provider.The longer a node is unavailable, the fewer staking rewards and transaction fees it receives. Staking rewards are paid proportionally to node’s vote transactions count which it cannot post if it is offline or functioning incorrectly. Validator downtime negatively affects its delegates’ rewards, which is why one should consider checking validator recent downtime duration history before delegating to it.During periods of downtime an unavailable validator is assigned the “delinquent” status which can be checked using Solana CLI solana validators command or by parsing corresponding json response (solana --output json validators). By constantly fetching statuses of all validators on the network it is possible to measure delinquency periods durations which is a good approximation for downtime duration for further quantitative analysis. The downtime data analyzed is available through the <a href="https://redash.p2p.org/public/dashboards/ZEW9RvuBXPdYHUU5aC7DfVjY8DJaXQrGenG2HUmo?org_slug=default&ref=p2p.org">public Redash dashboard</a>.<h2 id="factors-influencing-downtime-duration">Factors influencing downtime duration</h2>There are many factors influencing downtime duration and these are typical ones:<ul><li>node operator reaction time (node operators may or may not use specialized monitoring and alerting systems);</li><li>node operator skill (imagine the difference between inexperienced enthusiasts and mature professionals who are working with such high-load systems for years);</li><li>time to repair breakdowns in the power grid or communication network (which does not depend on a node operator);</li><li>time needed to debug and fix specific configuration errors or replace hardware parts;</li><li>complexity and duration of software update (i.e., different Solana versions take different time to install), node startup duration, etc.</li></ul>Despite most of these factors can not be measured directly, we have managed to collect and analyse some important on-chain data related to the topic, which allowed to quantitatively describe several aspects regarding Solana network nodes unavailability such as downtime duration statistics over time, its variability across nodes as well as duration of node software updates.<h2 id="downtime-data-analysis">Downtime data analysis</h2>Here we illustrate retrospective downtime statistics of Solana nodes that were active in the period from epoch №209 (5th of August, 2021) to epoch №236 (17th of October, 2021). Historical data allow to reveal trends in the dynamics of downtime making it easier to understand the normal behavior of the metric as well as to identify abnormal fluctuations.<h3 id="nodes-downtime-duration-by-epochs">Nodes downtime duration by epochs</h3>The descriptive statistics for downtime duration by epochs are presented in the Figure 3 below. Quantile values of 5%- and 95%-level reflect the maximum downtime among the top 5 and top 95 percent of validators, respectively, for each epoch. Average downtime is the simple arithmetic mean and median defines a downtime duration which divides the top 50 and worst 50 percent of validators.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/aQCsTug3snvF4n1VUW3AXUBYvC6FytRw5Q2ICuSuMsZMr8RGjpyI-ylB6CZK8qU8WR5EKHnBNMPfMBsV6CXTN7UM_sMO3k_QPjq5JhoVDPJW0dEU6FTJUr0skrGCbjcKdpVQAB5m" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 3. Downtime mean (cyan line), median (lilac), 5%-quantile (red), 95%-quantile (green) and its actual values for each node (black transparent dots) over epochs.</figcaption></figure> As can be seen from the chart above, typical average downtime duration for a node is around 1.5 hours, which is quite low, while median downtime duration is almost always zero (which means that most nodes usually don’t experience shutdowns). Also there were several epochs (№214, 223 and 234) with high downtime duration upticks mainly due to simultaneous upgrades of Solana software version. Epoch 223 is especially interesting as it is known that on 14 of September, 2021, the Solana network experienced a <a href="https://jumpcrypto.com/reflections-on-the-sept-14-solana-outage/?ref=p2p.org">severe overload which led to the network halt</a>, and after a successful network restart almost all the nodes had to update to a new Solana version with the necessary fixes.<h3 id="dispersion-of-downtime-duration">Dispersion of downtime duration</h3>As many factors affect downtime duration, it varies greatly across validators within the same epoch. The dispersion measures indicate the metric’s spread magnitude which is slightly changing over time as shown in Figure 4.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/pYyFq6WJf7ZUvigy7YMAFPcT0e9OISiG4_mNYWZLs-N_c7vUrs09jUb9wtgCxgH4OqNIAppwlrjif3vupB0ZWDAtSc2mv8gI8ixFAkvcVVYs859GnOtTiXvGN5SQSDjPA2ql9Hjv" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 4. Measures of dispersion of downtime duration over time: interquartile range (red line) representing difference between 25%- and 75%-quantiles of the metric and standard deviation (cyan) representing average deviation from mean.</figcaption></figure> It can be seen from the chart above that downtime duration dispersion across validator nodes is dropping slightly over time which indicates that validators, on average, have both lower downtime durations and lower deviations of the metric from the mean.<h3 id="supermajority-and-superminority-validators-comparison">Supermajority and superminority validators comparison</h3>Since the leading validators with a large stake amount take much more financial risks compared to the smaller ones, their nodes' technical characteristics are far better than of the majority. Therefore, it makes sense to compare performance of the superminority set of validators (the minimal set of validators that together control more than 33.33% of the total stake) with the rest falling into the supermajority set with 66.66% of total stake (see Figure 5).<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/pXXTHF4CC5szdub_hF8cYrIu_BpisJxblMbSODq5p4IWU7gdhGI5XXOyDGOLbATya7vLvaH0rDLWXJsLZY_D1OiAD9MpKSRR3ZkrB_oXBSagqZKNeAxlE1dik8nVo9moZvIN3aC6" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 5. Average downtime duration by epochs for superminority validators set (blue line), supermajority (green) and P2P Validator (red).</figcaption></figure> As the charts above represent, the supermajority is usually much worse in terms of average downtime duration, especially after epoch №220, especially during hard times like epoch №223, when the Solana network halted and most validators had to perform major software updates.In contrast, superminority validators (especially P2P Validator) have an average downtime duration and an average number of downtimes (see Figure 6 below) that are much lower than for the supermajority, and there is a much smaller probability that a validator from the superminority set is offline for more than 5% of total epoch duration (see Figure 7 below).<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/vUWC-dbCA4C7q5xb2U29_ch4guExlxtY1-5QMdK8vTS9Ek_3lpPFnPFqV12qM2u8ErrpDUtgMfD4333AjhqiP1cPMqHfxGfZpaI-AmZGitsKPgLKJz5_dvesr5OMehcU1Mljfhvi" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 6. Average number of downtimes over epochs №209-236 for the superminority (cyan line) and supermajority set of validators (red).</figcaption></figure><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/ZQeA4Y0DFh4ontzVLbMRC2MNw_6Dh1_7oe8is52gxvxSWfROVrXbE2PjzlrbIOoT-hVp8pu9CkfuyhAH9ovBd2dUq1-yLrexjo2xwOKjXbJdsylkLYtfzUxD1Zh6J9r_hvkCsNLU" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 7. Share of validators with downtime duration greater than 5% of total epoch duration over epochs №209-236 for superminority (cyan line) and supermajority set of validators (red).</figcaption></figure><h3 id="downtime-duration-distribution-for-updates-and-other-causes"> Downtime duration distribution for updates and other causes</h3>As it was described previously, downtimes may happen due to Solana node software updates as well as due to hardware upgrades and unexpected halts. The available on-chain data allows to distinguish between downtimes related to software updates and related to other causes and compare downtime duration distributions for the supermajority and superminority groups of validators.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/vKMR9AxmKV1-dm-jSA0f_mSFiEZV_oR0ur9g8_R5666r4z1vSn8OJcikdkq9La4l99IWwzLZgv-1OATphpDFbdEh2izdijhIDTmYTJ4GlpPPr7-vKAa-0HoaZXwhoNmzYu1ilpBJ" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 8. Downtime duration distribution (in logarithmic scale) unrelated to software updates for supermajority (green line), superminority (blue) set of validators and P2P Validator (red). Dashed lines of corresponding colors show the average downtime duration written nearby</figcaption></figure> According to the distributions of downtime duration not related to software updates (see Figure 8), validators groups are quite similar apart from the fact that supermajority validators are more likely to have very long outages that greatly increase the average value of downtime duration (69 vs. 34 minutes for the superminority group). It should be noted that even if the P2P Validator goes down (or delinquent), on average it happens for an extremely short time of 1.5 minutes.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/Ho-gbXZDhA6SyHlPnJxSGrHE2F5x-Cn8HGwX0K30wuoibCH6Ay_Rx1Obq8D4Se3MoUATYUxICIKq-7RuKkZhcct1ARAUruNtCaGi4_1lNBsDEhJYpGS3Fao5osWpA1lV4oeWyYhC" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 9. Downtime duration distribution (in logarithmic scale) related to software updates for supermajority (green line), superminority (blue) set of validators and P2P Validator (red). Dashed lines of corresponding colors show the average downtime duration written nearby.</figcaption></figure> Concerning downtimes due to software updates (see Figure 9), the distributions for the groups differ considerably: for the superjmajority group there is much more variability in downtime duration when compared to the superminority and again supermajority validators frequently have much longer update times leading to higher average (195 vs. 76 minutes for superminority group). Superminority validators including the P2P Validator demonstrate high consistency in update duration presumably due to specific administration standards developed by professional engineers who operate these validators.<h3 id="average-update-time-by-solana-software-versions">Average update time by Solana software versions</h3>Different Solana node software versions vary significantly in the complexity and duration of the installation process, which directly affects the downtime duration associated with updates. Figure 10 below shows the average update time of Solana node software versions by validators from the supermajority and superminority groups.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card kg-card-hascaption"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/0ahrMb4jlGfbkVuMN5FNxFwdjqx5563dDEDqWSLqdpz0w9edfuUv7_Y6QWh0FFM704pbpyQHtmjKPTskVDj54VjWDgnPdARp5nSOnUiUueOuJq6BJbVUjpo45J66poJ8ZK26HX6c" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"><figcaption>Figure 10. Average update time for different Solana node software versions.</figcaption></figure> Of all the most used versions of Solana node software, the update to version 1.6.25 took the longest for both supermajority (4.5 hours on average) and superminority (3.5 hours on average) validators. Long updates to versions 1.7.11 and 1.7.15 were performed only by validators from the supermajority group and took approximately 2-3 hours to complete. Overall, validators from the superminority group usually perform the updates significantly faster ensuring less rewards losses for them and their delegators.<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>Downtime duration is a very important metric as it reflects Solana validators operators efficiency and influences rewards received by validators and their delegators as well as overall network’s stability and security. Solana Foundation and the network validators do everything they can to improve performance of nodes and quality of software that control nodes operation, and we can say with confidence that they do it very well, especially validators from superminority group thanks to the experience and professionalism of DevOps engineers.<h2 id="acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</h2>Authors of the report would like to express gratitude and appreciation for the <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> team whose guidance, support and encouragement have been invaluable throughout the research. We would also like to thank <a href="https://twitter.com/stephenakridge?ref=p2p.org">Stephen Akridge</a>, co-founder of Solana, <a href="https://twitter.com/vmulps?ref=p2p.org">Ruud van Asseldonk</a>, software engineer at Chorus One, and <a href="https://twitter.com/RDorzbach?ref=p2p.org">Robert Dörzbach</a>, product manager of the Solana Beach, for helpful advice, comments and corrections.<h2 id="disclaimer">Disclaimer</h2>Information presented in this report and referenced sources are for educational purposes only. It is not financial/investment advice. Seek a licensed professional for any financial advice. Authors of the report made every reasonable effort to ensure the accuracy and validity of the information provided. However, as price points, conditions, and information are continually changing, authors reserve the right to change at any time without notice, information contained in the report and make no warranties or representations as to its accuracy or up-to-dateness.Authors of the report are employees of P2P Validator company which provides professional services and consulting for highly secure non-custodial staking across more than 25 blockchain networks, including the Solana network with mainnet and testnet validator nodes as well as RPC nodes. Therefore, P2P Validator is not a neutral party with its own business interests in the Solana ecosystem. Nevertheless, authors did their best to make the report as objective as possible with the main purpose in mind being to educate and inform the community.<h2 id="sources-of-data">Sources of data</h2><ol><li><a href="https://app.swaggerhub.com/apis-docs/V2261/solanabeach-backend_api/0.0.1?ref=p2p.org">https://app.swaggerhub.com/apis-docs/V2261/solanabeach-backend_api/0.0.1</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api?ref=p2p.org">https://docs.solana.com/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api</a></li><li><a href="https://www.validators.app/api-documentation?ref=p2p.org">https://www.validators.app/api-documentation</a></li><li><a href="https://redash.p2p.org/public/dashboards/ZEW9RvuBXPdYHUU5aC7DfVjY8DJaXQrGenG2HUmo?org_slug=default&ref=p2p.org">https://redash.p2p.org/public/dashboards/ZEW9RvuBXPdYHUU5aC7DfVjY8DJaXQrGenG2HUmo?org_slug=default</a></li></ol><hr><h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2>P2P Validator is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than 4 billion USD value from over 20,000 delegators across 25+ high-class networks. We are early investors in Solana and have supported the network from the first block taking part in all stages of testing and voting.<hr>Web: <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org</a> Stake SOL with us: <a href="https://p2p.org/solana?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/solana</a> Twitter: @p2pvalidator Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a>

Pavel Marmalyuk

from p2p validator

Vega VEGA Staking is Now Live at P2P!

We are excited to share that Vega has now launched the restricted mainnet - you can now stake VEGA and receive rewards! Still in the early phases and backed by top validators, it’s a project that can shake the Defi ecosystem. Traditional centralised financial markets have left us paralysed. Traders and investors have no choice other than giving full trust to third parties who fix high costs and stifle innovation by controlling what markets and products can be traded. The Vega network works to solve these shortcomings through the use of its permissionless and agnostic proof of stake network, bringing efficient trading of derivative products (comparable to centralised exchanges) to the DeFi ecosystem. Check out Barney Mannerings (founder of VEGA) explain more about VEGA at the Kryptonight London <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhGD8brS3r0&t=125s&ref=p2p.org">here</a>. <blockquote>“The Vega chain will be the Web3's native derivatives layer, bringing fairness, front-running protection and capital efficiency to blockchain. Starting with an Ethereum bridge Vega plans to support assets from all major blockchains.” David Siska - Vega research team @Vega Protocol</blockquote>At P2P Validator our team provides exhaustive analysis to support top-tier staking networks. We have been seed investors and early contributors in top networks such as Solana, Cosmos, Tezos among many others and have a flair for selecting striving networks to stake with. We have now added VEGA (their native token) to our list of carefully selected products - both locked and unlocked VEGA can now be staked, giving you the opportunity to earn more! <blockquote>“Most importantly, Vega and P2P share a lot of core values, and we really appreciate Vega’s built-into incentives that empower decentralisation, and fair, transparent distribution of rewards. We also support Vega’s goal of solving fundamental problems for the centralised finance, and share their intent to open the opportunity to create and launch markets to a broad audience.” Dmitry Argunov - Vega Product manager @ P2P Validator</blockquote>As with most staking services, the earlier phases provide the highest rewards. Vega are placing a fixed amount of VEGA into a treasury for staking rewards that will be distributed among the staked VEGA. Less staked VEGA to distribute it to, the higher the rewards per VEGA staked. As Vega trading volume increases, a percentage of the infrastructure fee - fees that are charged on trades executed on the platform - will be shared for staking rewards. While staking VEGA tokens, you will not only be helping secure the network and earn rewards along the way, you can also participate in governance and shape the future of the Vega project. <hr><h3 id="useful-vega-resources">Useful VEGA resources</h3><ul><li>Website: <a href="https://vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">vega.xyz</a></li><li>Guides: <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/vega-vega-staking-guide-using-macs/">For Mac</a> or <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/vega-vega-staking-guide-using-windows/">Windows</a> </li><li>What to Expect from Restricted Mainnet: <a href="https://blog.vega.xyz/what-to-expect-from-restricted-mainnet-616086d9fdaf?ref=p2p.org">https://blog.vega.xyz/what-to-expect-from-restricted-mainnet-616086d9fdaf</a></li><li>Whitepaper: <a href="https://vega.xyz/papers/vega-protocol-whitepaper.pdf?ref=p2p.org">vega.xyz/papers/vega-protocol-whitepaper.pdf</a></li><li>Github: <a href="https://github.com/vegaprotocol/?ref=p2p.org">github.com/vegaprotocol/</a></li><li>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/vegaprotocol?ref=p2p.org">twitter.com/vegaprotocol</a></li><li>Discord: <a href="https://discord.com/invite/3hQyGgZ?ref=p2p.org">https://discord.com/invite/3hQyGgZ</a></li><li>Blog: <a href="https://blog.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">blog.vega.xyz/</a></li><li>Community: <a href="https://community.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">community.vega.xyz/</a></li></ul><hr><h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider with the best industry practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities securing more than 4 billion of USD value at the time of the latest update. P2P Validator is trusted by over 24,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are a major player in all networks we support because of our experience, commitments and our reputation. We pay special attention to the process of governance.<hr>Want to stake VEGA with us? Visit <a href="https://p2p.org/vega?ref=p2p.org">https://p2p.org/vega</a> to find out more about Vega staking and our special offer. If you have any questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>, we are always open for communication.

Admin

from p2p validator

Vega Vega (VEGA) Staking Guide For Windows

We have created a step-by-step guide to help you stake your Vega (VEGA) on Windows. If you are using a Mac instead you can find a guide <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/vega-vega-staking-guide-using-macs/">here</a>. For those of you who have their tokens locked on Coinlist: Coinlist will support staking. More information will have to come from them about how they will manage it. To redeem unlocked VEGA tokens from Coinlist, you can do so <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/vega-vega-staking-guide-using-windows/token.vega.xyz">here</a>. You will have to go through the following steps to successfully stake your VEGA: I. Create your Vega Wallet (If you have already done so skip to the next step) II. Connect to a network III. Stake your VEGABefore we start, make sure you have VEGA in a Metamask wallet (token contract can be found <a href="https://token.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">here</a>) as well as ETH to pay for transaction fees. The gas fees are variable and Vega has no control over it. <h3 id="i-create-your-vega-wallet-if-you-have-already-done-so-skip-to-the-next-step-">I. Create your Vega Wallet (If you have already done so skip to the next step) </h3>1. The first thing that you will want to do is download the right zip file of the releases from the<a href="https://github.com/vegaprotocol/vegawallet/releases/?ref=p2p.org"> Vega Wallet GitHub rep</a>.On Windows download: vegawallet-windows-amd64.zipMake sure you remember where to find it as you will need to know it for the steps ahead (to make following this guide easier, simply save the zip file in your "Downloads" folder so the below examples can be copy/pasted).2. When you open the file you might be prompted with this screen:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/U2Fbz6AYhxvRDC1tainCEaM6nS6TsujT69wuluQjP5t22m-FCDtI9g3xNDE-DWlXA1-C-H7VC2s36EiDQS8kWs03j6OTZ-TaXWe1XGpCDJ-0nEd2FxWyi9fkCOfIw_B-zGxPAvtp" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Press "More info" and then "Run anyway".3. You will need to open a command prompt to initialize the wallet. Open a new terminal page and navigate to the location where the downloaded file is stored. To indicate where the commands will run you can use the command "cd". For example, I have saved my file in the “downloads” folder so I used the command "cd downloads".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.25.55.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="982" height="118" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.25.55.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.25.55.png 982w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>4. Once you have specified the folder to run the command, you will now need to initialise the wallet. This creates the folder, the configuration files, and default networks needed by the wallet to operate. Use the following command "vegawallet init":<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.26.38.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="860" height="42" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.26.38.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.26.38.png 860w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>If you are experiencing any issues with this step, you can try to do the following command instead: "vegawallet init --force".5. The next step will be to create your username for the wallet. Use the following command: "vegawallet key generate --wallet "YOUR_USERNAME"" . Make sure there are no spaces in your username. Example below:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.30.12.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="864" height="38" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.30.12.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.30.12.png 864w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>6. You will then have to create your password. Note that when typing you will not see what is being typed, this is intended and it will be recorded. Select enter once you have written it.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.31.08.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="844" height="104" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.31.08.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.31.08.png 844w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>7. Once you have confirmed your password, the wallet will be created! You will then be given your mnemonic phrase. This phrase will be used to restore your wallet in case something happens. It is very important to write it down and to record it somewhere safe (offline) where no one will ever see it! It will not be displayed ever again so make sure you write it down correctly. You should also note down your username, public key and remember your password in order to login to your account later on.<h3 id="ii-connect-to-a-network">II. Connect to a network </h3>1. You are now ready to run the service. If you are starting with a new terminal page, make sure that you indicate where the commands will run again (where you have saved the vegawallet file). To indicate where the commands will run you can use the command "cd". For example, I have saved my file in the “downloads” folder so I used the command "cd downloads".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.25.55.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="982" height="118" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.25.55.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.25.55.png 982w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure> Next, you will have to select and connect to a network. To find the list of networks use the following command: "vegawallet network list".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-68.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="404" height="56"></figure>If you do not see the network "mainnet1", run the following command: "vegawallet network import --from-url="<a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vegaprotocol/networks/master/mainnet1/mainnet1.toml?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vegaprotocol/networks/master/mainnet1/mainnet1.toml</a>"<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-12.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="852" height="136" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-12.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-12.png 852w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>If you are experiencing issues importing the mainnet network, another way to do this is to download the file “mainnet1.toml” from here: <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vegaprotocol/networks/master/mainnet1/mainnet1.toml?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vegaprotocol/networks/master/mainnet1/mainnet1.toml</a>. To download it, open the page and press "Ctrl" - S and save it into the same folder where your “Vegawallet” file is. Then run the following command in the terminal: "vegawallet network import --force --from-file ./mainnet1.toml.txt"2. If properly inputed, the next step is to connect to the mainnet network. Use the following command: "vegawallet service run --network "NETWORK_NAME"". <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/12/image-2.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="740" height="36" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/12/image-2.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/12/image-2.png 740w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>Now that you have successfully created your wallet and connected to the network, you are ready to stake your VEGA! Make sure you keep the terminal open to stake in the next stage. <h3 id="iii-stake-your-vega">III. Stake your VEGA </h3>1. Go to the Vega staking website (<a href="https://token.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">https://token.vega.xyz</a>), it is best to use Google Chrome. Make sure to disable brave shield if you are going to use the Brave browser. To disable brave shield select the lion in the url as shown in the image below. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-21.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1632" height="70" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-21.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/11/image-21.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/11/image-21.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-21.png 1632w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>You can then disable the shield by clicking on the toggle. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-27.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="722" height="642" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-27.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-27.png 722w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>2. At the top of the page you will find the staking section. Select "Staking”. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/RLBrrgu1kgIfnyxGukw9idqS870iuZ6B3dtH9Us48Wqwsvq_l5RgaC-P8jyYdK_rR2f0U3dYtaXSIOfG66y8ydY0E2rVev2qgyMQdc31KG1_eK7crcb4OpzHc2G5jRpsCH0dpnUD" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>3. The next step is to connect your Ethereum and Vega wallet. To connect your Ethereum wallet select "Connect to an Ethereum wallet". Here you will be prompted by Metamask to connect your wallet.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/g4C7h2QpVVzUN35pzGVbKhnW0NNbybR6cEw8jD_CKra5JB0_-3mZpezvN-0sBDdTHjnfIjHRauyPFtYfNKkuMqAGaXGqnnr7CnEYqld_9u1ZBRfIHSkWPc9odQ8uRIPFGJiXC7yQ" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Next, to connect your Vega Wallet, select "Connect to see your VEGA balance".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/n0POHur9Rbz13N3t8yWrMGoesCqN6fGGEktmFvzfW9MYQMGYD_F883De6rK1mxARygm6aYTWy5QS9jjdR8294ducuT_koQUxHaFsK3008rjDmd2DrND1HBM1OloipRieIhf1n2IP" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>You must enter your username and passphrase that you chose when the wallet was created.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-3.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1312" height="806" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-3.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/11/image-3.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-3.png 1312w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>4. The next step is to associate tokens with your VEGA wallet. Select "Associate VEGA tokens with wallet"<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/rt_cA0_JPwF4Fp_VgqbvvdsLvHmCafykZ4BVpkmTM9Cm18szjAqvrfiGsD_eUtQIS8E8XyUAPbRb59ohph2SFojw6ciu6fnPa_gFFOYnmJMx1ymPfi7JxwzVJwyk3nd1pWwshn-p" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>5. Here you need to (a) select "Wallet", (b) verify that this is your public key, and (c) select the amount that you would like to stake. To move to the next step select "Approve VEGA tokens for staking on Vega"<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/yvRXUnrC72GaH2l6VcpfiZxYu08oeHLlMh3j73elyAEiTrSqO1MBmLsCpThrmdL7MgFVYUz7VfSYIoLw2NtdlzSn5o4Jhw3wMyo1scPYK1K9_Lg_MtdhmTFkPmmYvaDPOpZztoTL" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>You will be prompted by Metamask, where you must confirm the transaction.6. Once approved, you can associate your VEGA tokens with your key. Select "Associate VEGA Tokens with key"<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/gA18urvfpVnUITulNgHmoD3Ld-We45lyaOFK2gj6n9VaeRQ-6F_f4wQChREmQM4hq_MJdiSP0DCFvAC6vMIgVbMZbQRph2FB5qqcE5_-FJl5Q0Pa3dMpDVzOdwEK6VNx6mHhICPK" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>You will be prompted by Metamask again, where you can confirm the transaction. You will have to wait for a sufficient amount of block confirmations on the Ethereum network.7. Once approved, you can select "Nominate Stake to Validator Node" to nominate a validator.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/iMbCC3eDY3q1XyewdssBgMzQS3tc0dHoDzmvnbz2QWGfk5OYe7NYvydXxRcwEzEItd3c32BohYUeZ3qqGbUMCpiUw64MQyH-HVE6SuEy3wcPE3b2_Szt9ujYc_OOUc9nR-8gKaV_" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>8. You will now be asked which validator you wish to select. It's important to select a validator that you trust. You can find our validator addresses as well as more information about us on our<a href="https://p2p.org/vega?ref=p2p.org"> VEGA page</a>.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/R-Q1Yq2apFwRvxnhXIueOQqj6BOe8MJJEleHAQF45ihw5TO-XyTyqbteoW1-5JkaDf-A6-TCEsCcPbGUy3YOemNl6z5M2mLWaKiHpKjqMhP7O2r7gOgQRvi43L9m01rI7tZVdkqg" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>9. After selecting which validator you wish to stake with, go to the bottom of the page and find "Manage your stake". Select "Add" and input how much you would like to stake with this Validator.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/4EPJG3IDMWhPI4pC2vZ0-9l5MfyLSwfda7Al9oLZse2PDTM6lCoch-JKvd6WasjHBFawdzPMTdrZ9PT5oGANBp8sjo6tk7bdCvNw35jWjegVjsZ51xXawQ08EADYCeoerhKYedmN" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>That's it! You have successfully created a nomination transaction to the validator of your choice. If you see that your stake in the next epoch has increased by the amount you submitted, you can close the website and terminal - it has been registered. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-55.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1338" height="808" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-55.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/11/image-55.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-55.png 1338w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>Your stake will be active at the beginning of the next epoch. One epoch on the Vega network is currently configured to be 24 hours. An epoch is the period of time the network uses to manage the list of registered validator nodes and staking rewards payouts. The APR for staking VEGA is variable and will depend on the % of the total VEGA supply that is staked. As with most staking services, the earlier phases provide the highest rewards. Vega are placing a fixed amount of VEGA into a treasury for staking rewards that will be distributed among the staked VEGA. Less staked VEGA to distribute it to, the higher the rewards per VEGA staked. The APR will become more stable once more VEGA is staked.Thank you for using our guide! If you have any questions, need further help, or any feedback please reach out to us on<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> Telegram.</a><hr><h3 id="useful-vega-resources">Useful VEGA resources</h3><ul><li>Website: <a href="https://vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">vega.xyz</a></li><li>Token console: <a href="https://token.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://token.vega.xyz</a></li><li>Trading Console: <a href="https://console.fairground.wtf/?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://console.fairground.wtf/</a></li><li>Network Overview: <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/vega-network-overview/">https://economy.p2p.org/vega-network-overview/</a></li><li>Whitepaper: <a href="https://vega.xyz/papers/vega-protocol-whitepaper.pdf?ref=p2p.org">vega.xyz/papers/vega-protocol-whitepaper.pdf</a></li><li>Github: <a href="https://github.com/vegaprotocol/?ref=p2p.org">github.com/vegaprotocol/</a></li><li>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/vegaprotocol?ref=p2p.org">twitter.com/vegaprotocol</a></li><li>Discord: <a href="https://discord.com/invite/3hQyGgZ?ref=p2p.org">https://discord.com/invite/3hQyGgZ</a></li><li>Blog: <a href="https://blog.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">blog.vega.xyz/</a></li><li>Community: <a href="https://community.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">community.vega.xyz/</a></li></ul><hr><h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider with the best industry practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities securing more than 4 billion of USD value at the time of the latest update. P2P Validator is trusted by over 24,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are a major player in all networks we support because of our experience, commitments and our reputation. We pay special attention to the process of governance.<hr>Want to stake VEGA with us? Visit <a href="https://p2p.org/vega?ref=p2p.org">https://p2p.org/vega</a> to find out more about Vega staking and our special offer. If you have any questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>, we are always open for communication.

Admin

from p2p validator

Vega Vega (VEGA) Staking Guide For Mac

We have created a step-by-step guide to help you stake your Vega tokens (VEGA) using a Mac. If you are using a Windows instead you can find a guide <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/vega-vega-staking-guide-using-windows/">here</a>. For those of you who have their tokens locked on Coinlist: Coinlist will support staking. More information will have to come from them about how they will manage it. To redeem unlocked VEGA tokens from Coinlist, you can do so <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/vega-vega-staking-guide-using-macs/token.vega.xyz">here</a>. You will have to go through the following steps to successfully stake your VEGA:I. Create your Vega Wallet (If you have already done so skip to the next step) II. Connect to a network III. Stake your VEGABefore we start, make sure you have VEGA in a Metamask wallet (token contract can be found <a href="https://token.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">here</a>) as well as ETH to pay for transaction fees. The gas fees are variable and Vega has no control over it. <h3 id="i-create-your-vega-wallet-if-you-have-already-done-so-skip-to-the-next-step-">I. Create your Vega Wallet (If you have already done so skip to the next step)</h3> 1. First you will need to download the right zip file of the releases from the<a href="https://github.com/vegaprotocol/vegawallet/releases/?ref=p2p.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> Vega Wallet GitHub rep</a>.For Mac download: vegawallet-darwin-amd64.zipFor Macs with an M1 processor (released in November 2020 or later): vegawallet-darwin-arm64.zip.To check whether your Mac has a M1 processor select the apple logo in the top left and then "about this mac".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281081/bdd48535a618879fb6a3c366/428DZD2WPHRatFAC4ImEeDgwR9tnPoclLfZa6RNYPhZjizQmGlj7gkRJHs_QXCRnqYLLn1-fOdySmgTQl_F48v512FLxPDdPHqx7Br6nntNRXOdfy69qMtLndb1i54bifApzJqpv" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Create a folder to place your downloaded zip file in and make sure you remember where to find it as you will need to know it for the steps ahead. (to make following this guide easier, create a folder called "Vegawallet" in your "Downloads" folder and save it there so the below examples can be copy/pasted).2. Once downloaded and saved, the next step is to open it. When attempting to do so, you may get a message saying “vegawallet cannot be opened because it is from an unidentified developer."<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281085/9125302e137a37962c8890d3/_ngOOm0r1hve_OVHVbIjlJ2oO0E2cJ53fOlVxedhIFie_3PI_buZ0cZLCGS1m6FwmN_ZdEe8m0CQpH0d5bc87IS7dqlnlJrsdVm6vN0zIM5-xkCHgKwbG7MOrGmZoGF8FB6ydJhs" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>To open it you will have to go to your system preferences, select "Security & Privacy". You will then find a section mentioning that "vegawallet" was blocked. To override the security measure, select "Open Anyway".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281089/bc455a511d44b39969ae78ce/rlo3N1r9crPjpTSmqmo0tkNW8Cmvww5pEaQnKn1Iepq6mGd1aYdxhpFtTkNnnmh9UPkaRZJOvw8DQgJjqfHJxCYjf8DAFUB0_cRpyJw1wVYqVhQjCyuvoOi_N1QuD6O3NOm4CGWy" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>3. Once you have opened the file, you will need to initialise the wallet and create a new key pair. Open a new terminal page and indicate where the commands will run (where you have saved the vegawallet file). For example, I have saved my file in the following folder: Downloads → Vegawallet. To indicate where the commands will run you can use the command "cd" then the path. Below I wrote "cd Downloads/Vegawallet" to indicate that my file is in the Vegawallet folder which is in my Downloads folder.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281094/095053c4ebed924c6ae0f5ff/aa2ZvrSxy8SgQP6EV3mLRqtYW0TBt0hL26QLlluUSD2j9mA4O0ruxJbLCioh1PcjYowEquON0V535amy2bfJJPmMpUeCeHHukJrQBBJuEyBsJzLyMDhgi8_im6ZudI9xCac2Yf0P" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>4. Once you have specified the folder to run the command from, you will need to initialise the wallet. This creates the folder, the configuration files, and default networks needed by the wallet to operate. Use the following command "./vegawallet init". Example below:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-46.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="856" height="33" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-46.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-46.png 856w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>If you are experiencing any issues with this step, you can try to do the following command instead: "./vegawallet init --force".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-80.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="984" height="34" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-80.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-80.png 984w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>5. The next step will be to create your username for the wallet. Use the following command: “./vegawallet key generate --wallet "your_username".” Make sure there are no spaces in your username. Example below:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281105/90a3e69d6efc74584323c2a8/A40YAOsu9gT6ExhUGe7Mzgyj9GzTUU6uC7rYLXYdJtSpqiHXl2WPkYW5VWfCnQT1dEzz-4vT4dcbdf3wjC8G-Mr5oHqxJ-4fXbo0ZKsyFkQaHUawqfZuoM-Mc6ORPVGjNu7WSVy_" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>6. You then have to create a password. Note that when typing you will not see what is being typed, this is intended and it will be recorded. Select enter once you have written it. Example below:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281112/2d5443df047ddaa6b3182ebc/jo9n1iwMFhLzxgiwzfzFyY1VPhdOJi5t-W3YFQVzeSnzJ0LRHVKsA6-0-MmK65psbkjZpwxvIpTlTPjbv-9QNIb5ZjUwuEH8nJ9CxeQTr3cO1ydDYPydWfLXisG_wUb4AF8Yi45U" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>7. Once you confirm your password, the wallet will be created! You will then be given your mnemonic passphrase. This passphrase can be used to restore your wallet in case something happens. It is very important, so make sure you write it down and keep it somewhere safe (offline), where no one will ever see it! It will never be displayed again so be sure to write it down accurately. You should also make a note of your username and public key, and remember your password in order to login to your account in future.<h3 id="ii-connect-to-a-network"> II. Connect to a network </h3>1. Once you have created and initialised the wallet, you are now ready to run the service. If you are starting with a new terminal page, make sure that you indicate where the commands will run again (where you have saved the vegawallet file). For example, I have saved my file in the following folder: Downloads → Vegawallet. To indicate where the commands will run you can use the command "cd" then the path. Below I wrote "cd Downloads/Vegawallet" to indicate that my file is in the Vegawallet folder which is in my Downloads folder.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281115/b67208b7285f1306a3adae88/aa2ZvrSxy8SgQP6EV3mLRqtYW0TBt0hL26QLlluUSD2j9mA4O0ruxJbLCioh1PcjYowEquON0V535amy2bfJJPmMpUeCeHHukJrQBBJuEyBsJzLyMDhgi8_im6ZudI9xCac2Yf0P" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>You need to select and connect to a network. To find the list of networks use the following command: "./vegawallet network list". Example below:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281116/2224f9b240b36a4fbdab8c15/NRzxPZBgAkW-k9IBN6VAvrGp1JkBZRagB5U9Zkn7m8dkFfQKPXNlNpJjan4154-59tgjGRFcAYF1yEYlLC8wMUuz9v571egpqBsP8u5COTQevTl1W7TvHHPfNJInW0WjBcHsa604" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>If you do not see the network "mainnet1", run the following command: "./vegawallet network import --from-url="<a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vegaprotocol/networks/master/mainnet1/mainnet1.toml?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vegaprotocol/networks/master/mainnet1/mainnet1.toml</a>"<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-56.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1138" height="361" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-56.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/11/image-56.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-56.png 1138w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>If you are experiencing issues importing the mainnet network, another way to do this is to download the file “mainnet1.toml” from here: <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vegaprotocol/networks/master/mainnet1/mainnet1.toml?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vegaprotocol/networks/master/mainnet1/mainnet1.toml</a>. To download it, open the page and press "Apple" - S and save it into the same folder where your “Vegawallet” file is. Then run the following command in the terminal: "./vegawallet network import --force --from-file ./mainnet1.toml.txt"<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-57.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1138" height="283" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-57.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/11/image-57.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-57.png 1138w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>2. If properly inputed, the next step is to connect to the mainnet network. Use the following command: "./vegawallet service run --network mainnet1". <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-48.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1214" height="31" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-48.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/11/image-48.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-48.png 1214w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>Now that you have successfully created your wallet and connected to the network, you are ready to stake your VEGA! Make sure you keep the terminal open to stake in the next stage. <h3 id="iii-stake-your-vega"> III. Stake your VEGA </h3>1. Go to the Vega staking website (<a href="https://token.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">https://token.vega.xyz</a>), it is best to use Google Chrome. Make sure to disable brave shield if you are going to use the Brave browser. To disable brave shield select the lion in the url as shown in the image below. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-21.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1632" height="70" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-21.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/11/image-21.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/11/image-21.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-21.png 1632w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>You can then disable the shield by clicking on the toggle. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-27.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="722" height="642" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-27.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-27.png 722w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>2. At the top of the page you will find the staking section. Select "Staking”. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281124/6fb380adab9f5b989dfdd460/RLBrrgu1kgIfnyxGukw9idqS870iuZ6B3dtH9Us48Wqwsvq_l5RgaC-P8jyYdK_rR2f0U3dYtaXSIOfG66y8ydY0E2rVev2qgyMQdc31KG1_eK7crcb4OpzHc2G5jRpsCH0dpnUD" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>3. The first step is to connect your Ethereum and Vega wallet. To connect your Ethereum wallet select "Connect to an Ethereum wallet". Here you will be prompted by Metamask to connect your wallet.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281130/4022268cc4dd287f1d10cffa/g4C7h2QpVVzUN35pzGVbKhnW0NNbybR6cEw8jD_CKra5JB0_-3mZpezvN-0sBDdTHjnfIjHRauyPFtYfNKkuMqAGaXGqnnr7CnEYqld_9u1ZBRfIHSkWPc9odQ8uRIPFGJiXC7yQ" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Next, to connect your Vega Wallet, select "Connect to see your VEGA balance".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281138/e1be38b405b90d966eac045f/n0POHur9Rbz13N3t8yWrMGoesCqN6fGGEktmFvzfW9MYQMGYD_F883De6rK1mxARygm6aYTWy5QS9jjdR8294ducuT_koQUxHaFsK3008rjDmd2DrND1HBM1OloipRieIhf1n2IP" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>You must enter your username and passphrase that you chose when the wallet was created.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.24.25-1.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1312" height="806" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.24.25-1.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.24.25-1.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/Screenshot-2021-11-17-at-17.24.25-1.png 1312w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>4. The next step is to associate tokens with your VEGA wallet. Select "Associate tokens with a VEGA wallet".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281154/013632bb6c1a03f7752cd4a6/rt_cA0_JPwF4Fp_VgqbvvdsLvHmCafykZ4BVpkmTM9Cm18szjAqvrfiGsD_eUtQIS8E8XyUAPbRb59ohph2SFojw6ciu6fnPa_gFFOYnmJMx1ymPfi7JxwzVJwyk3nd1pWwshn-p" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>5. Here you need to (a) select "Wallet", (b) verify that this is your public key, and (c) select the amount that you would like to stake. To move to the next step select "Approve VEGA tokens for staking on Vega".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281164/f63133029050714649bb87af/yvRXUnrC72GaH2l6VcpfiZxYu08oeHLlMh3j73elyAEiTrSqO1MBmLsCpThrmdL7MgFVYUz7VfSYIoLw2NtdlzSn5o4Jhw3wMyo1scPYK1K9_Lg_MtdhmTFkPmmYvaDPOpZztoTL" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>You will be prompted by Metamask, where you must confirm the transaction.6. Once approved, you can associate your VEGA tokens with your key. Select "Associate VEGA Tokens with key".<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281170/214829ff1be9b604b53752fb/gA18urvfpVnUITulNgHmoD3Ld-We45lyaOFK2gj6n9VaeRQ-6F_f4wQChREmQM4hq_MJdiSP0DCFvAC6vMIgVbMZbQRph2FB5qqcE5_-FJl5Q0Pa3dMpDVzOdwEK6VNx6mHhICPK" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>You will be prompted by Metamask again, where you can confirm the transaction. You will have to wait for a sufficient amount of block confirmations on the Ethereum network.7. Once approved, you can select "Nominate Stake to Validator Node" to nominate a validator.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281176/452cecf6c36565a940b1568e/iMbCC3eDY3q1XyewdssBgMzQS3tc0dHoDzmvnbz2QWGfk5OYe7NYvydXxRcwEzEItd3c32BohYUeZ3qqGbUMCpiUw64MQyH-HVE6SuEy3wcPE3b2_Szt9ujYc_OOUc9nR-8gKaV_" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>8. You will now be asked which validator you wish to select. It's important to select a validator that you trust. You can find our validator addresses as well as more information about us on our<a href="https://p2p.org/vega?ref=p2p.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> VEGA page</a>.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281182/536394cca705f86bdf9c7bcf/R-Q1Yq2apFwRvxnhXIueOQqj6BOe8MJJEleHAQF45ihw5TO-XyTyqbteoW1-5JkaDf-A6-TCEsCcPbGUy3YOemNl6z5M2mLWaKiHpKjqMhP7O2r7gOgQRvi43L9m01rI7tZVdkqg" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>9. After selecting which validator you wish to stake with, go to the bottom of the page and find "Manage your stake". Select "Add" and input how much you would like to stake with this Validator.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p-validator-fa82109e4cef.intercom-attachments-7.com/i/o/420281192/7b5a4ea46e0dd82c7be58dc7/4EPJG3IDMWhPI4pC2vZ0-9l5MfyLSwfda7Al9oLZse2PDTM6lCoch-JKvd6WasjHBFawdzPMTdrZ9PT5oGANBp8sjo6tk7bdCvNw35jWjegVjsZ51xXawQ08EADYCeoerhKYedmN" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>That's it! You have successfully created a nomination transaction to the validator of your choice. If you see that your stake in the next epoch has increased by the amount you submitted, you can close the website and terminal - it has been registered. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-55.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1338" height="808" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/11/image-55.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/11/image-55.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/11/image-55.png 1338w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>Your stake will be active at the beginning of the next epoch. One epoch on the Vega network is currently configured to be 24 hours. An epoch is the period of time the network uses to manage the list of registered validator nodes and staking rewards payouts. The APR for staking VEGA is variable and will depend on the % of the total VEGA supply that is staked. As with most staking services, the earlier phases provide the highest rewards. Vega are placing a fixed amount of VEGA into a treasury for staking rewards that will be distributed among the staked VEGA. Less staked VEGA to distribute it to, the higher the rewards per VEGA staked. The APR will become more stable once more VEGA is staked.Thank you for using our guide! If you have any questions, need further help, or any feedback please reach out to us on<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> Telegram.</a><hr><h3 id="useful-vega-resources">Useful VEGA resources</h3><ul><li>Website: <a href="https://vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">vega.xyz</a></li><li>Token console: <a href="https://token.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://token.vega.xyz</a></li><li>Trading Console: <a href="https://console.fairground.wtf/?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://console.fairground.wtf/</a></li><li>Network Overview: <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/vega-network-overview/">https://economy.p2p.org/vega-network-overview/</a></li><li>Whitepaper: <a href="https://vega.xyz/papers/vega-protocol-whitepaper.pdf?ref=p2p.org">vega.xyz/papers/vega-protocol-whitepaper.pdf</a></li><li>Github: <a href="https://github.com/vegaprotocol/?ref=p2p.org">github.com/vegaprotocol/</a></li><li>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/vegaprotocol?ref=p2p.org">twitter.com/vegaprotocol</a></li><li>Discord: <a href="https://discord.com/invite/3hQyGgZ?ref=p2p.org">https://discord.com/invite/3hQyGgZ</a></li><li>Blog: <a href="https://blog.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">blog.vega.xyz/</a></li><li>Community: <a href="https://community.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">community.vega.xyz/</a></li></ul><hr><h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider with the best industry practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities securing more than 4 billion of USD value at the time of the latest update. P2P Validator is trusted by over 24,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are a major player in all networks we support because of our experience, commitments and our reputation. We pay special attention to the process of governance.<hr>Want to stake VEGA with us? Visit <a href="https://p2p.org/vega?ref=p2p.org">https://p2p.org/vega</a> to find out more about Vega staking and our special offer. If you have any questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>, we are always open for communication.

Admin

from p2p validator

Vega Vega - Network Overview

Secured around a PoS consensus mechanism, <a href="https://p2p.org/vega?ref=p2p.org">Vega</a> is a novel project designed for developing and trading quality derivative products on a decentralised network. <h2 id="current-network-state">Current Network State</h2> Traditional centralised financial markets have left us paralysed. Traders and investors have no choice other than giving full trust to third parties who fix high costs and stifle innovation by controlling what markets and products can be traded. The Vega network works to solve these shortcomings by improving access to a decentralised derivative trading network, cutting out the middleman and redistributing control back to the community. With Vega, anyone will be able to propose the markets they want to trade, and they will be approved for creation if they pass through governance. These markets will be:<ol><li>Backed by optimal liquidity incentives to attract market-making resources.</li><li>Supported by a risk management system to ensure safe trading.</li><li>Allowing collateralization with multiple crypto-assets.</li></ol>Through the use of its permissionless and agnostic proof of stake network, VEGA is bringing efficient trading of derivative products (comparable to centralised exchanges) to the DeFi ecosystem. <h2 id="token-allocation">Token Allocation </h2> VEGA raised ~$11 million from over 26 backers, including Arrington, Pantera, Cumberland, KR1, Hashed, and Coinbase Ventures. Symbol: VEGA Type: ERC20 token which interacts with the VEGA blockchain via a Ethereum-to-Vega bridge Current Market Cap: ~$34,000,000 Current Circulating Token Supply: ~1,600,000 VEGA Total Token Supply: 64,999,753 VEGAThe initial token allocation and current token distribution looks as follows:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/09/VEGA-Initial-Token-Allocation.jpg" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1200" height="800" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/09/VEGA-Initial-Token-Allocation.jpg 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/09/VEGA-Initial-Token-Allocation.jpg 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/09/VEGA-Initial-Token-Allocation.jpg 1200w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/09/VEGA-Token-Distribution.jpg" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1200" height="800" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/09/VEGA-Token-Distribution.jpg 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/09/VEGA-Token-Distribution.jpg 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/09/VEGA-Token-Distribution.jpg 1200w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure> <h2 id="vega-token-utility">VEGA Token Utility</h2> Each VEGA token will give rights to participate in governance and staking. Governance VEGA token holders will have the opportunity to propose and vote on 1) new markets on the VEGA protocol and 2) governance changes on rewards distribution policies, review fee prices, and the behaviour of the network. Staking Staking is the mechanism used to secure the network. It is the process of holding coins/tokens (stake) in order to earn rights to participate in the "validation" of new blocks, and in doing so "delegators" are compensated with rewards. Token holders can “delegate” their VEGA tokens rights to Validators. The more stake one has, the more influence they hold. Delegators are therefore incentivised to delegate to a Validator that acts according to the best interests of the network as a whole. <h2 id="vega-staking-economics-">VEGA Staking Economics: </h2> Vega started in 2018 and will be launching their Restricted Mainnet soon - enabling governance and staking of both unlocked and locked VEGA tokens. The core functionality of Vega will be introduced by a governance vote once the network is running smoothly and the functionality to enable trading is well-tested.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/09/image-2.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1200" height="300" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/09/image-2.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/09/image-2.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/09/image-2.png 1200w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>Vega uses a Delegated Proof of Stake BFT-style consensus protocol. Token holders can “delegate” their VEGA tokens to the validators they wish. Validators will validate blocks of transactions on their behalf, earn rewards proportionally to the represented stake, and the network will redistribute it to their delegators after deducting a fee for the service they provide. There are two variables that define the staking rewards APR: the amount of tokens in the network assigned for rewards (AKA the reward pool), and how many VEGA tokens are currently staked. The estimated APR will be released shortly after the network launches when these variables will be known. These rewards will derive from two different places: 1) A percentage of the infrastructure fee - fees that are charged on trades executed on the platform. 2) From the on-chain treasury. The amount of rewards received will be voted by the community where an equilibrium between desiring high fees and lowering fees to attract demand should be reached. Initially, 13 validators (<a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> being one of them) will be in charge of the validation of new blocks. To promote decentralisation, Vega have implemented a non-whaling scheme. Rewards will not grow further beyond a maximum stake that will be imposed on validators. Delegators therefore have an incentive to delegate to validators with a stake below this threshold as doing so will lead to higher rewards per token. Users that want to contribute to the stability and security of the Vega Network without the complexities associated with the management of being a validator can delegate stake and earn staking rewards. <h2 id="slashing-risk">Slashing Risk</h2>Vega does not plan to implement slashing. However, validators will not receive rewards if they do not validate the blocks assigned to them and the community will punish validators who misbehave by undelegating their stake. Further punishments could be implemented if needed, such as retaining rewards generated. If it turns out to be insufficient, the community can always vote to implement further measures. <h2 id="useful-vega-resources">Useful VEGA resources</h2><ul><li>Website: <a href="https://vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">vega.xyz</a></li><li>Guides: Coming soon</li><li>Whitepaper: <a href="https://vega.xyz/papers/vega-protocol-whitepaper.pdf?ref=p2p.org">vega.xyz/papers/vega-protocol-whitepaper.pdf</a></li><li>Github: <a href="https://github.com/vegaprotocol/?ref=p2p.org">github.com/vegaprotocol/</a></li><li>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/vegaprotocol?ref=p2p.org">twitter.com/vegaprotocol</a></li><li>Blog: <a href="https://blog.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">blog.vega.xyz/</a></li><li>Community: <a href="https://community.vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">community.vega.xyz/</a> </li></ul><h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider with the best industry practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities securing more than 4 billion of USD value. At the time of the latest update, P2P Validator is trusted by over 10,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are a major player in all networks we support because of our experience, commitments and our reputation. We pay special attention to the process of governance.<hr>Want to stake VEGA with us? Visit <a href="https://p2p.org/vega?ref=p2p.org">https://p2p.org/vega</a> to find out more about Vega staking and our special offer. If you have any questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>, we are always open for communication.

Admin

from p2p validator

Vega P2P Validator To Provide Vega Staking

<a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is excited to announce our upcoming launch of Vega staking. P2P will be joining the Vega Mainnet as node operators to increase network decentralization and support the security of the first network. <a href="https://vega.xyz/?ref=p2p.org">Vega</a> is a financial infrastructure protocol designed for developing and trading novel margin products on a decentralized network. Secured with PoS, Vega facilitates automated margin trading of complex products, allowing anyone to design and launch their own financial products.By staking Vega with P2P Validator, users can earn rewards on their VEGA through our non-custodial staking infrastructure. There are two variables that define the staking rewards APR: the number of tokens in the network assigned for rewards, and how many VEGA will be locked up to secure the network. These factors are likely to be variable upon network launch and better defined APR estimates will be available shortly after staking begins. Rewards are paid every epoch (daily) to the separate, non-staking account. P2P has been selected as one of the first 13 validators and we are successfully running on testnet, to be one of the first validators to launch on the Vega mainnet. For more information on how P2P can assist you with your Vega, please visit <a href="https://p2p.org/vega?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/vega</a>.  <h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3>The P2P team has extensive experience in setting up secure infrastructure. P2P Validator maintains high-availability nodes and provides secure staking services for the most groundbreaking projects in the blockchain space. The node infrastructure is under advanced monitoring with 24/7 technical support, backups and alerts. P2P currently supports more than $4 billion in staked value across more than 10,000 individual stakers and 25+ key PoS networks.

Admin

from p2p validator

Kusama P2P Validator and Robonomics announce collaboration for launch of parachains on Kusama

We are pleased to announce a collaboration with <a href="https://robonomics.network/?ref=p2p.org">Robonomics</a> for the launch of parachains on the Kusama (KSM) network. Through this partnership, <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> will roll out, maintain and support infrastructure for Robonomics parachain when Robonomics wins a slot within a Kusama parachain auction. P2P Validator will help to ensure a smooth launch and sustained support of Robonomics parachains through rolling out an optimal number of collators and full nodes to organise all associated parachain data. In addition to this, we will work with Robonomics to produce new block candidates by passing them to the relevant validators across the Kusama relay chain.Robonomics is an open-source server-less IoT platform on top of Ethereum and Polkadot. Its main goal is to bring the economy of robots into the 4th industrial revolution.Kusama parachain is an excellent opportunity for Robonomics to scale up to 1 million IoT devices connected in real-time without any centralized regulators.Through this partnership, P2P aims to demonstrate our technical infrastructure capabilities across the Kusama blockchain. As a leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than $3 billion in assets across 25+ staking networks, we are thrilled to work with Robonomics on this exciting project. <hr><h2 id="useful-resources">Useful Resources</h2>To find out more about Robonomics crowdloan campaign, visit the <a href="https://robonomics.network/kusama-slot/?ref=p2p">dedicated crowdloan page</a>. Don’t forget to unbond your KSM to participate in the crowdloan. To learn more about Polkadot and Kusama, please visit P2P’s support centre: “<a href="https://help.p2p.org/en/articles/5161573-kusama-ksm-staking-faq?ref=p2p.org">Kusama Staking FAQ</a>” & “<a href="https://help.p2p.org/en/articles/5094261-polkadot-dot-staking-faq?ref=p2p.org">Polkadot Staking FAQ</a>”.

Admin

from p2p validator

Mina Mina Protocol Staking Economics & Rewards

In this blog post we will briefly walk through the Mina protocol incentives and cover staking rewards calculation.Staking economics is very important for proof of stake (PoS) networks. Proper incentives help blockchains to maintain properties such as immutability and censorship resistance, building a solid foundation of node operators securing the network participating in consensus.  <h3 id="mina-inflation">Mina Inflation</h3>Most PoS networks implement continuous token emission to incentivize node operators and delegators. Mina is not an exception. There is no cap of a max MINA supply as it grows every block. Every canonical block (successfully produced block written in the main chain) contains a coinbase (block reward) that is distributed to a node operator that produced it.Currently, block rewards are fixed at 720 MINA to constitute the inflation of 12% assuming that all tokens are staked. In future it is expected for block rewards to be dynamic targeting inflation depending on a staking ratio to incentivise participation in staking. The less tokens are staked the higher will be the coinbase.Token emission will decrease periodically until it reaches 7% annually. This schedule can be changed by the community via governance procedure in future.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/x0gebrSAlSXAjB8-rg0c8BVUr_RAAtrW1ywDEmakBgNCCWKDc3cuxz4sSO-c-0qVAidRHOEAGWh-W-isPlH5FqmdWR8LVloHMtlgY_DfBKx31fqrZvJ2FsxPDUjwMlhieGvUO1Fe" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>For token holders, staking is important to avoid dilution of their total share in Mina network. Some MINA tokens are locked for a certain period of time. They are not transferable but capable of being delegated or staked. Coinlist token sale participants and those who purchased MINA on exchanges have unlocked MINA that can be transferred to any Mina address.To further incentivise staking every address without locked Mina will receive a higher return on its Mina due to supercharged coinbase. <h3 id="mina-protocol-specifics">Mina Protocol Specifics</h3>In Mina periods are split into epochs that last approximately 14 days and 21 hour. Staking operations like delegating and undelegating are executed immediately, but effects are applied only a couple epochs later due to Mina specifics. Stake distribution and balances are fixed for a particular epoch and any changes are taken into account with a time lag of 1-2 epochs.Epoch consists of 7140 slots, each is a period of time when node operators can create a block and produce SNARKs (proofs for transactions that compress the size of a blockchain). Currently it lasts ~3 min, but it can be shortened in future.Chances of being selected as a block producer are proportional to the node operator's stake. The final output is determined by a<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verifiable_random_function?ref=p2p.org"> verifiable random function</a> (VRF). Multiple pools can be assigned with the same slot potentially resulting in a short-range fork that will be resolved by <a href="https://minaprotocol.com/blog/how-ouroboros-samasika-upholds-minas-goals-of-decentralization?ref=p2p.org">Ouroboros Samasika</a>.In fact, all accounts delegated to a particular pool participate in the VRF distribution to win the slot. Staking pool that is being delegated by the winning account can compete for the slot and receive a reward if the block was selected by the consensus rules as a canonical one. In general, coinbase is 720 MINA at the moment, but if the account that was assigned to that slot holds only unlocked tokens - coinbase is doubled being equal to 1440 MINA.There is no slashing in protocol rules, but rewards to delegators are distributed by block producers manually, pro rata to their share in the pool. It is important to select a reliable block producer as malicious actors can withhold rewards, which will result in a time lost for re-delegating to another pool. In case of a supercharged block, share of delegators with unlocked tokens is doubled to reflect their contribution to the increased coinbase (mechanics might differ among block producers). <h3 id="staking-return-calculations">Staking Return Calculations</h3>There are ~24 epochs in a year and APR will vary in a short period of time (a few epochs) but should smoothen in the long term as more epochs pass. To define expected annual staking return we can extrapolate epoch performance to future periods. This method doesn't give us precise results but allows us to see which epoch had better return compared to others.annual_apr = epoch_reward / epoch_balance * n_epochs_yearepoch_reward = total_pool_epoch_rewards * (1 - pool_fee) * delegator_sharedelegator_share = delegator_epoch_balance / total_pool_stakeCalculation above doesn’t take fees into consideration. The more epochs are aggregated for averaging the better is the approximation of annual staking return. It also doesn’t take compounding into account, but it is possible to summarise actual rewards for a year and see the overall annual return.In Mina, rewards received from delegating are staked automatically by design. Try to use a<a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/124XccIxA3O3K6vKxmflp3oOzFRTNGhEQRCGo4j_cLd0/edit?usp=sharing&ref=p2p.org"> simple spreadsheet</a> to check your epoch rewards. We provide reward reports for P2P delegators by request, visit p2p.org/mina for more details.<hr>Note, that payout is not always equal to an epoch reward as some pools (including P2P) distribute rewards more frequently, so you will need to add up those. If you have questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> telegram chat</a>. We are always open for communication.<hr><h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3>P2P Validator is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than $3.2 billion in staked assets by over 10,000 delegators across 25+ high-class networks. P2P Validator is an early genesis member and one of the early seed peer providers. We have been participating in Mina since the first testnet and intended to support Mina in the long term.Web: <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org</a>Stake MINA with P2P: <a href="https://p2p.org/mina?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/mina</a>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">@p2pvalidator</a>LinkedIn: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/?ref=p2p.org">LinkedIn.com/company/p2p-org</a>Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Mina Mina Staking Guide: Stake MINA Using Clorio Wallet

Clorio wallet is in beta version with an open sourced codebase. It is highly recommended to verify the checksum of the application if using a desktop version.<a href="https://p2p.org/mina?ref=p2p.org">Mina</a> is a lightweight, highly efficient blockchain allowing network participants to seamlessly join the network to verify and secure the chain. On the Mina blockchain you can stake your MINA tokens to earn staking rewards - currently up to 24% APY. The following guide walks you through Mina staking using <a href="https://clor.io/?ref=p2p.org">Clorio wallet</a>. Clorio is a Mina specific wallet which lets you store, send and stake your <a href="https://p2p.org/mina?ref=p2p.org">Mina</a> tokens.<hr><h2 id="staking-mina-protocol-mina-video-guide">Staking Mina Protocol (MINA): Video Guide</h2><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Pgbt-DXWX_A" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe><hr><h2 id="staking-mina-using-clorio">Staking MINA Using Clorio </h2>For more information, follow the steps below.<ol><li>Creating a Mina Wallet</li><li>Staking Mina using Clorio</li></ol> <h3 id="1-creating-a-mina-wallet">1. Creating a Mina Wallet </h3>It is possible to access Clorio using Ledger wallet if you have installed the <a href="https://docs.minaprotocol.com/en/advanced/ledger-app-mina?ref=p2p.org">Mina app</a>.<ol><li>Visit <a href="https://mainnet.clor.io/?ref=p2p.org">mainnet.clor.io</a> and press Create wallet. Select your preferred way of accessing the wallet.</li></ol><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/uxaxr6vCdtp5Ey8JfYfkKrN3zov67lUyqNGylWldR1n2PxH0yO5f6ZpobmhKzgFPH270NHbn860d41GoUSdczbmH7mZsegxGEvaKLVlZg0fZ8x-5BdiZR2uJtbJxLFT0uDAcMMul" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>2. Save your private key in a safe place. Download a PDF paperwallet and press Continue.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/G0CSbFS6gCocTHjnrEqb0t5N1gjWtCTbsqWYivolqbBlw2tQRo_OOSPxNrmDKkvSkjXtGcZ0PqVkiV0orpUA6a-13yQBFFwO74882yFH9pKPIgNhrQ33xbKGJvije702lS5rSs43" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>3. Verify your private key and press Continue.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/5uMlUgP9jFsUiVd6rHZyX5vTrYDznK_3t59MS_ue5WrYHpI559hq_OAo9OW0SxMIKmyIpZ6OgzkrYyj1lJtwihA4xHtqaLTjjBJcJxld3UDDtRHFrX8G3a62utUDz4PEva187eGi" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>4. Transfer Mina to your address. Note that for the first transaction, 1 MINA will be taken by the protocol as a wallet creation tax.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ors6Ati_Uz4xLH3ZSXF7GOH4Hahcx9obpe3xx3Sbg_wtsXQASsR7OJygHoGFmkcBEnXVxODnH5qOtq7DbRi550KuE0KST2thuNX1syi0kcrBHIf21dLdRmHyC7eZ2waXzZQXDqia" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Your Mina wallet is now live and you can manage your Mina assets on the blockchain.<hr><h3 id="2-stake-your-mina-tokens-with-p2p">2. Stake your MINA tokens with P2P </h3>To stake your <a href="https://www.p2p.org/mina?ref=p2p.org">MINA</a> tokens and earn staking rewards, follow the steps outlined below.<ol><li>Access your wallet if needed and go to the staking hub. Select P2P Validator and click Delegate.</li></ol><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/nj32r4V7V15HEwQ0cG8dskV6lgv0K4KNcSkiv7bGY_OY-5Fj9riesVov8gw5fsF7VCgVYGsZlYUILlVFvikOciLKd2nT8CEK9XVx6U_2mA3qdiQoqI7QkoluzqpE9_o2k6Y8GTqi" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>2. Confirm the action.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/0RLBTMZ_V9i7YHKwffPYTwXu9NXY2bu9CKTbWmYtwr15AaS6i9xpxKtOFV-RVfoK_mYrqZsC10OOSVyMNXsyhgf79X3wTZtcUn6UFxMhAQc3poyEkA8ojBtzaRnWUFD5zpg9WnFE" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>3. Set the transaction fee and click Proceed. In most cases you can use a default value. It is possible to check <a href="https://feenow.minascan.com/?ref=p2p.org">feenow.minascan.com</a> to see the current state.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/TG2ea1yagMJO8XF9K4jlUdbJvA35ojQLtgArLTKhv707FZRuDio3X2qJ7Eg6FP4bFgh8ePv3L1OS1IRJMX_bSICPUt47mFBRy7-tMLtxQhLVtzON7azUwja9sDdMCirZVdjOpVvI" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>4. Confirm the transaction using your Private Key.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/4OVTlFVH4BAN1Qd3fJQ69G6KmuI-mhxIheb3cneH_Ge1dpPXJ-h_idoFlI5P4iJ0KyEZm9SEzHk3rP9YXBhmpQbPvBrfjxBP4hPC7R3KGXtqeKzWqyzgWQ1UOTc1U5eu_xMw9D5y" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>5. After the confirmation you will be able to see your current delegation. Also, you can go to the overview tab to check the transaction status.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/HBddWKJjO-Su1ZUnbI7yUyQDHHZm6MqgxVkS3gnOIFwWJdCq3QacC5kvRdOlCoZBldVHvuazif9WtCdLga7tuHBpMBFmpWNYpRl7rfP8WnfZDxe0VhhvEHHQsiAwGYJ8oAf2d_mW" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Congratulations! You have successfully delegated MINA to P2P Validator. You will now start earning regular staking rewards. <hr>Each block producer has own payout conditions, manually distributing staking rewards. Your delegation will start participating in the consensus after the next epoch (1 epoch is ~15 days). If you delegate from a locked account it is recommended to create a separate address, periodically transfer rewards and delegate from there as well. It increases the chances of receiving a supercharged coinbase (double block reward) benefitting all delegators of a particular pool.<hr>If you have any questions, please feel free to join our <a href="http://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">Telegram chat</a>. We are always open for communication.<hr><h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3>P2P Validator is a world-leading staking provider with the best industry security practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only top-notch staking opportunities. At the time of the latest update, more than $3.2 billion is staked with P2P Validator by over 10,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are actively involved in <a href="https://p2p.org/mina?ref=p2p.org">Mina staking</a> since the first testnet being an early genesis member and mainnet seed peer provider. <ul><li>Web: <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org</a></li><li>Stake Mina with P2P: <a href="https://p2p.org/mina?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/mina</a></li><li>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/P2Pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">@p2pvalidator</a></li><li>LinkedIn: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/?ref=p2p.org">linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/</a></li><li>Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a></li></ul>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Oasis Oasis Staking Guide: Stake Oasis (ROSE) with Ledger

In this article we will walk you through how to delegate ROSE tokens with a Ledger using Chorus One’s Anthem platform. Anthem enables ROSE holders to transfer and delegate their tokens to earn staking rewards up to 15% APY. Before you start:<ul><li>Download and install the newest version of Ledger Live on your desktop.</li><li>Install the latest version of the Oasis App on your Ledger device.</li></ul><h3 id="step-1-sign-in-to-anthem-using-ledger">Step 1: Sign in to Anthem using Ledger</h3>After setting up your Ledger and installing the latest Oasis App, go to Anthem platform. Click the "Connect" button in front of the Oasis network and select the "Sign in with Ledger" option.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/WWdzAlLnZxVFifR3kK7NyLEfMaBA-MLTcF-ZLSRMDTz71ek-xB8D41CiyRvPCf5z4_xK6tnn5RwEOEm1o8yAmfU89NYv7xwaxmgrLhJEo9W55t0oEAttFfCPLup5MME7yumMr-6z" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Plug in and unlock your Ledger device. Open the Oasis app and click ‘Connect’.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/TAGw1uqClz32Nc7ar9_dG5Mu6Wlq6waqrApFSCh5ZiuD-oR7nYG9OCKr47QXCP6F1Rk3Wcj-bXxwEpIpsF_cND1i0KM2Cnpft8FN44smeWQOl-VgND5kpdz2OvjW4zUwvCQ2Ta-r" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>After successfully connecting your Ledger you will be able to see your account information on the dashboard.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Zjm3d6i0IA8BGSSOAcjqyd80vEhOj0ckM9giWsGM35LB7_ha_B2LPtsTjbxf4VJ4M3b_XgL2iEl8xleWYzIMNk-dOKYG1d0VuSFJsDe9EpHoHrhv5v3uv0HAf7vidORhTsxJc9F7" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure><h3 id="step-2-stake-your-rose-tokens">Step 2: Stake your ROSE tokens</h3>We are now ready to stake! Check the available balance on the right side of the dashboard and click “Stake”. <blockquote> You will need to have a minimum of 100 ROSE in order to stake</blockquote><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/hwNydph_bqa0EDggNR-MeAKTuCGmlv4YT_Xy9dl2PZYkzku7ZE7rxjbWUNvq5a9qrbDqjaVQyJVE835oc9fLxWSd_oDEOdFPSbpg12J1Xcum9dVQfsEI-fw8FZbd1ujsfKH7jvE5" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Select P2P Validator from the list of validators. Enter the amount you want to stake and click “Generate My Transaction”.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Lb0KtC8bPrbyp0MvcjoIrsoy6VOPJ5uGY9UkKOGymrGmBlNLTqYE3T2OtnDSltQx-QuRW3wtS1JZcqdY-RnecVEZnn7aR4OYtx8GG6zZ-PvLELUuzmb_nU-jhS7rdmDrwTc1DzLS" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Click "Sign Transaction" and approve the transaction on your Ledger device. Once confirmed on your ledger it will take a few minutes to confirm your transaction and once it’s done you will see the following message: “Congratulations! You are now a staker of ROSE.”<div class="note-card"> Oasis (ROSE) Staking FAQ: <ul> <li>The current ROSE staking APY is approximately 15% per year.</li> <li>Rewards are added up to the staked amount every epoch and can be claimed manually by initiating unbonding.</li> <li>The Oasis network has a 14 day unstaking period throughout which your tokens will not be transferable. </li> <li>You need to have some funds remaining on your account while staking to ensure you can cover transaction fees.</li> </ul> </div>Oasis protocol is a decentralized privacy-preserving platform for cloud computing that allows safe data sharing and ownership enabling computationally complex applications. For more information on Oasis and staking ROSE, refer to our <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/oasis-brief-overview/">Oasis (ROSE) Network Overview</a>. For support related inquiries, please visit our <a href="https://help.p2p.org/en/articles/5161651-oasis-rose-staking-faq?ref=p2p.org">Oasis (ROSE) Staking FAQ</a> or contact our team via the chat function.<h3 id="useful-oasis-resources">Useful Oasis resources</h3>Website:<a href="https://www.oasislabs.com/?ref=p2p.org"> https://www.oasislabs.com/</a>Github:<a href="https://github.com/oasislabs?ref=p2p.org"> https://github.com/oasislabs</a>Whitepaper:<a href="https://docsend.com/view/grdq39h?ref=p2p.org"> https://docsend.com/view/grdq39h</a>Non-tech paper:<a href="https://docsend.com/view/5uuhcj3?ref=p2p.org"> https://docsend.com/view/5uuhcj3</a>Blog:<a href="https://www.oasislabs.com/blog?ref=p2p.org"> https://www.oasislabs.com/blog</a>Oasis Network explorer: <a href="https://oasisscan.com/?ref=p2p.org">https://oasisscan.com</a> <hr>Want to stake Oasis with us? Paul will be happy to help. Contact p.pavlov@p2p.org to get personal assistance.<hr><h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3>P2P Validator is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than 3 billion USD value from over 10,000 delegators across 25+ high-class networks. P2P Validator invested its own funds in Oasis and intends to support the network in the long term. Our team has close connections with the Oasis team and we have participated in the incentivized testnet since the beginning.Web:<a href="https://p2p.org/oasis?utm_source=blog&utm_campaign=oasis_staking_guide"> https://p2p.org</a>/LinkedIn: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/?ref=p2p.org">linkedin.com/company/p2p-org</a>Twitter:<a href="https://twitter.com/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org"> @p2pvalidator</a>Telegram:<a href="https://t.me/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org"> https://t.me/p2pvalidator</a>

Pavel Pavlov

from p2p validator

Kusama Slashing Event in Kusama - Post Mortem

<h3 id="summary">Summary</h3>115 validators of different staking providers received "unapplied slash" during the era 2249 in Kusama due to not sending "I'm online" signal. 45 out of 115 validators are P2P validators where a possible slash would be around 0.6% of active stake.Unapplied status means that it can be reverted through governance action, which is exactly what happened in that case.<h3 id="customer-impact">Customer Impact</h3>All slashings have been reverted and no customer funds are impacted thanks to councils who supported the request and voted for the <a href="https://kusama.polkassembly.io/motion/295?ref=p2p.org">motion 295</a> to cancel the slashing.<h2 id="what-happened">What Happened</h2>Almost all of the active P2P Validator nodes were running 0.9.0 version. Monitoring showed perfect performance although sometimes we detected CPU spikes during the election.On May 13, there was a release note issued for the <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot/releases/tag/v0.9.1?ref=p2p.org">0.9.1 version</a>. The release had “Low (upgrade at your convenience)” upgrade priority. P2P started to roll out this version gradually because this is our SoP for low priority upgrades.On May 14, we got a notification via Kusama Validator Lounge chat which said: “Just a heads up that the 9010 runtime upgrade will happen in ~55 minutes at block 7,468,792. If your node is not on at least version v0.9.0, it will not be able to sync after that”After the runtime 9010 had been applied, part of our monitoring services based on @polkadot-js/api stopped working due to it being an older version than required with the fresh runtime upgrade. We had an alert which would have been triggered if all CPU cores had 95%+ load at once, but as only one core had been overloaded, it didn't fire. Therefore, we didn’t figure out that a number of our nodes would get slashed. It took about 40 mins to understand what exactly had happened.See diagrams:CPU time of node under v0.9.0 that experienced CPU load during the election.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/xbMcNNQasSYF-CWTDqRaczqDUKVhZcf2FFbTC5_ubeGcZs1mpMGCES6MOxYgZxW0NtLCNl4Nzcb5qNp5IzYk0BcgHQCrp2s0qVazGGMvct2QbkIgbpMlDX0dfNGcSPE373RGV0pJ" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>CPU time of node under v0.9.1 - no spikes<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/uqe0ePHHepSaTDa5rueOthMvifsFhezANDS7Y-vkQ5QxbfSO1QuPJbHiqVcwf9I8Xshh7pd2uzS-VWtzbZEGtJzgO02JojrjRAAaOEZwpaVdiAMNg835F0KHctcxPkuSUEab1XGO" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Logs records nodes running on v0.9.0Looking at logs it becomes clear that after the runtime upgrade, nodes were experiencing some issues with performance. We caught 61780 events, which is a huge number and very unusual.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/bQTU71RRrNxVcfTAW8tKOgg-FQmrsrbYq3k5v2DeFqyyh4rWq3oyb-hbUq30BfzL5QdeuCda8XisWvr1C5i62oYkFPMpADfKWv5zhcdzbYGrC6tieoJzZXwTHDd2syjP0qB2Xk9l" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/tyErRh-yx8nhKGrEDIWdEcEwdmMKQfH-bv0w0VCNaZ_kG3yFmS2-7wNJq-EJmERFnoiUl1tV8LWSXpINXw8lt6hOoJ_Zyf5z9QoQpmTplkZUNfNLAHs2HalIv42I7QvVeE4PYT59" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> During CPU spikes, our validators were not able to send "heartbeat" events. Therefore all 115 validators got slashed due to the concurrent unresponsiveness of a bunch of validators, see offence <a href="https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/en/learn-staking?ref=p2p.org#slashing">Level 2</a>.In order to avoid further slashing, P2P team undertook the necessary steps as follows:May 14, 21:30:00<ul><li>Fix monitoring service</li></ul>May 15, 00:30:00<ul><li>Validation is recovered on all P2P validators</li></ul>May 15, 00:40:00<ul><li>Investigation in collaboration with other nodes operators and the Kusama dev team occurred.</li></ul>May 15, 05:00:00<ul><li>All Kusama nodes have upgraded to v0.9.1 that solved CPU spikes issue</li></ul>May 15, 19:00:00<ul><li>Set “--wasm-execution Compiled” flag for all Kusama nodes </li></ul>----Slashing was reverted by one of council member Raul Romanutti who proposed cancellation of slash submitting the <a href="https://kusama.polkassembly.io/motion/295?ref=p2p.org">motion 295</a> and no user funds were affected.----<h3 id="lessons-learnt">Lessons Learnt</h3><ul><li>We should have more resilient monitoring for our nodes and infrastructure</li><li>Follow polkadot-js releases to upgrade libraries on time</li><li>Look closely at network status during runtime upgrades</li></ul><h3 id="what-s-next">What’s Next</h3><ul><li>We are going to work on new infrastructure and improvements for monitoring services that will help us to avoid such cases.</li></ul>

Admin

from p2p validator

Near NEAR Protocol - Network Overview

<a href="https://p2p.org/near?ref=p2p.org">NEAR Protocol</a> is an open-source platform built to streamline the development and growth of decentralized applications (dApps). NEAR is designed with security and performance at the core, allowing developers to create applications which manage high-value assets including money, identity and contractual information, whilst at the same time allowing for quick and efficient access. With a focus on providing developers with a clean, user-friendly experience, NEARs approach to development is one focused around accessibility and scaling blockchain applications to accelerate the world’s transition to open, decentralized technologies. The protocol is a public, sharded, developer-friendly, proof-of-stake blockchain, making it an efficient platform due to its scalability and ease of use.NEAR is compatible with Ethereum 1.0 today providing a complete integration with Solidity contracts (without the need for rewrites). Furthermore, an ETH-NEAR bridge allows for cross-chain interoperability and communication. This provides developers with flexibility and removes the need to fully commit to just one tech stack. <h2 id="market-size-potential">Market Size & Potential</h2>Near Protocol was launched in 2020 with a vision to give back control of financial assets and sensitive data to the users to which it belongs, with an ambition to build digital infrastructure for a new internet where evil actors are barred from manipulating it.Similar to what has been developed by Ethereum and Polkadot, NEAR is a base-layer blockchain allowing for applications and programs to be built on top of it. Imagine Amazon’s AWS, except controlled by the NEAR community. Through the use of <a href="https://near.org/blog/the-beginners-guide-to-the-near-blockchain/?ref=p2p.org">Sharding</a>, NEAR has a capacity to scale up significantly beyond the capabilities of existing blockchain solutions. Unlike with non-sharded networks, transaction fees on the NEAR network can be kept low due to congestion on the network being alleviated through dynamically expanding the system’s capacity via resharding.<h2 id="token-allocation-utility">Token Allocation & Utility</h2>The NEAR platform is built around NEAR - a token which enables holders to use, build and deploy applications, take part in the governance of the network and earn staking rewards in the process. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/RzQWj6MXQhRsAoLx2H9SwVaV0csfZ3IuJTF25tpNLZyVdd7W3rQcm1bFH7HDq0woP0xvXDnj0jr5yC8v3Tec1s4Y9WUkqNRDRWTzs-9BW7XFWB6LKD5E5MJv9XamXSEBQFtiLs-8" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> The NEAR token sale was conducted in August 2020 with a fundraising goal of $12,500,000 which was successfully met. Investors include MetaStable, Electric Capital, Accomplice, SVAngel, Amplify and HomeBrew.  <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/QDO53uGsKFjvI_svYrUOV6y0DXL8PXBkJGViIPZ3mU2h0EUVkxxt5qahiDMkvNT65-YZcpDdo-XeyhjQT0lqnjGIDWRVJjracdZryC63zsh7GUswd4wEbQ6c3ZXnj7MUmeDBipvq" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> The NEAR token is the manner in which users - developers, builders, community members, use applications on top of the NEAR network. By “use”, this refers to e.g. submitting transactions on the network. This makes the NEAR token an essential utility unit within the network.The network utilises a “gas” model very similar to that deployed by Ethereum used to pay for transactions on chain. Through a “block-rewards-with-burn” model, NEAR supply decreases over time as token supply is burned with rates of high usage. The annual token emission is 5%, while the final inflation can fluctuate based on usage and transaction burns.Even a negative inflation is a possibility based on the amount of fees burned. The effective inflation rate is calculated every epoch (½ a day). NEAR validators are rewarded with a predetermined inflationary reward with incentives aligned to incentivise enhanced network usage through improving validator return rates and security.<h2 id="slashing-risk">Slashing Risk</h2>Currently slashing is turned off but it is considered to be added with an increase of shards in the system. NEAR validators can be penalised in two primary ways resulting in a partial loss of a delegated stake:<ol><li>Double Signing: Signing two blocks at the same height.</li><li>Invalid Chunks: Producing a chunk with invalid data.</li></ol>These types of errors can occur for a number of reasons, both due to malicious intentions, as well as due to non-malicious errors or misconfigurations.To better manage the risk of accidental slashing, NEAR network uses a progressive slashing system where the portion of slasked stake is a multiple of the amount of stake that exhibited the double signing behavior during the epoch in question.<h2 id="useful-near-resources">Useful NEAR Resources</h2><ul><li><a href="https://near.org/?ref=p2p.org">Website</a></li><li><a href="https://near.org/papers/the-official-near-white-paper?ref=p2p.org">Whitepaper</a></li><li><a href="https://near.org/blog/?ref=p2p.org">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/near?ref=p2p.org">Github</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/nearprotocol?ref=p2p.org">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://t.me/cryptonear?ref=p2p.org">Telegram</a></li></ul>To learn more about delegating NEAR with P2P, visit <a href="https://www.p2p.org/near?ref=p2p.org">www.p2p.org/near</a>. <h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than $3 billion in staked assets by over 10,000 delegators across 25+ high-class networks. Our infrastructure is under advanced monitoring with alerts and 24/7 technical support making it the best choice for institutional investors.<hr>Web: <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org</a> Stake NEAR with us: <a href="https://p2p.org/near?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/near</a> Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/P2Pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">@p2pvalidator</a> Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Regen Regen Network (REGEN) Staking Guide [Keplr & Ledger Wallet]

This simple guide will walk you through the steps of staking your Regen Network (REGEN) tokens using the Keplr wallet extension and/or Ledger wallet.<hr><a href="https://www.regen.network/?ref=p2p.org">Regen Network</a> is a network to enhance regenerative land management through an improved alignment of economic incentives. Regen is a PoS network, meaning contributors can stake their REGEN tokens to contribute to the security of the network and earn staking rewards in the process of doing so. <h3 id="how-to-stake-regen">How to stake REGEN</h3>1) Visit <a href="https://wallet.keplr.app/?ref=p2p.org">wallet.keplr.app</a> using your Chrome browser, where you will be asked to connect your Keplr extension.If you have registered the Regen Network address with Ledger, make sure that your firmware is up to date. To check, unlock your Ledger hardware wallet and open the Cosmos application.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/unlock-your-Keplr-account.PNG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1866" height="786" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/unlock-your-Keplr-account.PNG 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/unlock-your-Keplr-account.PNG 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/unlock-your-Keplr-account.PNG 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/unlock-your-Keplr-account.PNG 1866w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>2) Login to your Keplr account. If you have multiple accounts click on the extension icon in the top right corner and select the account you used for Regen address registration.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/2.PNG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1860" height="959" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/2.PNG 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/2.PNG 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/2.PNG 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/2.PNG 1860w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>3) Navigate to the Regen Network.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/3.PNG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1893" height="964" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/3.PNG 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/3.PNG 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/3.PNG 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/3.PNG 1893w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>4) Press the Stake button.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/4.PNG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1890" height="903" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/4.PNG 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/4.PNG 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/4.PNG 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/4.PNG 1890w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>5) On the Keplr dashboard, select P2P as the validator and click Manage.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/5.PNG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1893" height="909" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/5.PNG 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/5.PNG 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/5.PNG 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/5.PNG 1893w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>6) Click Delegate.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/6.PNG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1912" height="910" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/6.PNG 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/6.PNG 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/6.PNG 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/6.PNG 1912w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>7) Specify the amount of REGEN to stake and press Delegate.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/7.PNG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1915" height="910" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/7.PNG 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/7.PNG 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/7.PNG 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/7.PNG 1915w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>8) Select the transaction speed and approve it - wait for a confirmation.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/8.PNG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1906" height="912" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/8.PNG 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/8.PNG 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/8.PNG 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/8.PNG 1906w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>Congratulations, you have successfully delegated your REGEN tokens. This contributes to the security of the Regen Network and allows you to earn staking rewards in the process. Staking rewards are accrued in real time and should be claimed manually to re-stake achieving compounding effect.<hr>Do you have issues with REGEN staking? Join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram</a>, and we can help you get set up as a delegator. <hr><h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2>P2P Validator is a world-leading staking provider with the best industry security practices and proven expertise. At the time of the latest update, over $3 billion of USD value is staked with P2P Validator by more than 10,000 delegators across 25+ networks. Our infrastructure is under advanced monitoring with alerts and 24/7 technical support making it the best choice for institutional investors. We have been involved in Regen Network testnets and invested own funds intending to provide long term support.<hr>Web:<a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org"> p2p.org</a> Twitter:<a href="https://twitter.com/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org"> @p2pvalidator</a> LinkedIn:<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/?ref=p2p.org"> LinkedIn.com/company/p2p-org</a> Telegram:<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> t.me/P2Pstaking</a>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Mina Mina Protocol - Network Overview

Mina is a decentralized proof-of-stake blockchain with a constant-sized chain of ~22kb, which is possible due to utilising zero knowledge proofs.Such a small size allows anyone to synchronise the chain almost instantly making participation in consensus quick and efficient.Developers will be able to build <a href="https://minaprotocol.com/docs/architecture/snapps?ref=p2p.org">SNARK-powered applications</a>, Snapps, on top and empower privacy and data security features and users will be able to control their personal information through sharing proofs instead of the data itself.<h2 id="current-state-market-potential">Current State & Market Potential</h2>Mina Protocol was successfully launched on mainnet on March 23, 2021, after more than two years of continuous research and development.The problem of personal data has become more relevant than ever. According to <a href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/economic-impact-cybercrime?ref=p2p.org">CSIS</a>, two-thirds of people online suffered from bad actors resulting in leaks of personal data. Adding to this, more than <a href="https://notified.idtheftcenter.org/s/resource?ref=p2p.org#annualReportSection">290 million identities were compromised</a> in 2020 alone.Giving up the right to verify data by a single third party leads to the risk of giving it to the wrong entities. Through being a light-weight protocol, Mina allows anyone to run a node, increasing the number of participants who add up to the decentralization at lower cost of operating an infrastructure.For example, current Bitcoin chain size is over 320Gb while Mina would allow full node security with just ~22kb of data, by utilizing recursive zk-SNARKs (a type of zero knowledge proof), eliminating the requirement for nodes to store the whole chain state.<h2 id="token-allocation-utility">Token Allocation & Utility</h2><a href="https://minaprotocol.com/blog/mina-token-distribution-and-supply?ref=p2p.org">Mina raised ~$29 million</a> from over <a href="https://minaprotocol.com/about?ref=p2p.org">46 institutional backers</a>, including Accomplice, Paradigm, Fenbushi, Naval Ravikant and Bixin Ventures.The overall token allocation looks as follows:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/4LCyUILYTJx73CcdbQcprJiykrcsXh8OM1fCH0O8N2rWgNTq4K6To0kc3haEmCxOYPYnNl-AJJk2iCE3Ajsj_6oN6ZHTD7zKvkIc4DKDcMKk_VsrlN9pfYsnJ38N4Z7vuocSO_1M" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Mina native token is a staking unit serving the purpose of securing the network and incentivizing nodes to provide their services. Transaction fees are also denominated in the native MINA token, as well as SNARKs, which are necessary to maintain the lightness of the Mina blockchain.There will be a MINA <a href="https://coinlist.co/mina?ref=p2p.org">public sale via Coinlist</a> on 13th of April. To acquire tokens you should register in advance and await further instructions.<h2 id="staking-economics">Staking Economics</h2>Mina currently uses <a href="https://minaprotocol.com/blog/how-ouroboros-samasika-upholds-minas-goals-of-decentralization?ref=p2p.org">Ouroboros Samasika</a> consensus. Block producers for a particular epoch (~14d 21h) are selected using verifiable random function and chances to win a slot are proportional to the delegated stake.During the first year, block rewards will target an annual inflation of 12% decreasing down to 7% after 2 years. Each successfully produced block contains a coinbase (reward for producing the block), which is currently equal to 720 MINA. If the account that has won a slot has no locked up tokens on a balance (e.g. users who purchase tokens from the Coinlist sale), the block coinbase will be supercharged resulting in a double reward. Supercharged rewards are in place for the first 15 months of mainnet.Holders can delegate their funds in a non-custodial manner to earn a share of rewards in proportion to their stake. Staking since the beginning of the mainnet will result in higher returns for delegators.We encourage delegators with locked tokens to transfer rewards to a separate fresh address and stake from there to increase the chances of a supercharged coinbase.<h2 id="slashing-risks">Slashing Risks</h2>There is no risk of slashing due to the specifics of Ouroboros consensus family. Nevertheless, in order to receive a reward a block producer must be online at a given time slot.<h3 id="useful-mina-resources">Useful Mina resources</h3><ul><li>Website: <a href="https://minaprotocol.com/?ref=p2p.org">minaprotocol.com/</a></li><li>Github: <a href="https://github.com/MinaProtocol/mina?ref=p2p.org">github.com/MinaProtocol/mina</a></li><li>Docs: <a href="https://minaprotocol.com/docs/getting-started?ref=p2p.org">minaprotocol.com/docs/getting-started</a></li><li>Technical Whitepaper: <a href="https://minaprotocol.com/static/pdf/technicalWhitepaper.pdf?ref=p2p.org">minaprotocol.com/static/pdf/technicalWhitepaper.pdf</a></li><li>Economic Whitepaper: <a href="https://minaprotocol.com/static/pdf/economicsWhitepaper.pdf?ref=p2p.org">minaprotocol.com/static/pdf/economicsWhitepaper.pdf</a></li><li>Blog: <a href="https://minaprotocol.com/blog/?ref=p2p.org">minaprotocol.com/blog/</a></li><li>Forum: <a href="https://forums.minaprotocol.com/?ref=p2p.org">forums.minaprotocol.com/</a></li><li>Community: <a href="https://discord.com/invite/Vexf4ED?ref=p2p.org">discord.com/invite/Vexf4ED</a></li></ul><hr>Want to stake Mina with us? Visit p2p.org/mina to find out more about Mina staking and our special offer. If you have any questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>, we are always open for communication.Special thank you to <a href="https://twitter.com/etekis?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">Emre Tekişalp</a> for the contributions to this article.<hr><h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than $3 billion in staked assets by over 10,000 delegators across 25+ high-class networks. P2P Validator is an early genesis member and one of the early seed peer providers. We have been participating in Mina since the first testnet and intended to support Mina in the long term.<hr>Web: <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org</a>Stake MINA with P2P: <a href="https://p2p.org/mina?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/mina</a>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">@p2pvalidator</a>LinkedIn: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/?ref=p2p.org">LinkedIn.com/company/p2p-org</a>Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Marlin, Guide, Matic, Ethereum Tutorial: Transferring MPOND from Matic to Ethereum

The following is a step-by-step guide to transferring MPONDs earned in FlowMint stakedrop from Matic to Ethereum, and staking them using the Marlin network for an approximate APR of 10-12%.<h3 id="adding-mpond-to-metamask">Adding MPOND to MetaMask</h3><ol><li>To begin, you must <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/how-to-claim-mpond-during-flowmint-stakedrop/">harvest your MPOND</a> from FlowMint stakedrop.</li><li>To see your MPONDs on the MetaMask on Matic, add the MPOND token as a Custom Token in the MetaMask settings. To do so, navigate to MetaMask, click 'Add Token' and input the contract code below:</li></ol> MPOND contract - 0x27B064fE4B708fDa0fD0C4ff2b78a1e4DAB812D1.<h3 id="transferring-mpond-from-matic-to-metamask">Transferring MPOND from Matic to MetaMask</h3><ol><li>To begin the process, go to <a href="https://wallet.matic.network/bridge?ref=p2p.org">wallet.matic.network/bridge</a> and connect your MetaMask using the Matic Network add-in.</li></ol>When prompted, select the following options:<ul><li>From Matic to Ethereum</li><li>Transfer Mode: PoS Bridge</li><li>Token: Marlin (Mpond)</li></ul>After configuring details, press Transfer.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-EPHar6mXzR9g4b_aUHtuwoYeNopbVCum-9xgKtG2oYHAogiNDx8kA39im7CPhDp08P9uywP7hMABMUWXYT2hyes8q2Xk-PUmsUW4ZsiWhdvCi4vXVUY4KfcZCBREuevG0iAeT57" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure> After pressing transfer you will be prompted with a transaction overview screens. Press continue as in the screenshots pictured below. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/image-2.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="915" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/image-2.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/image-2.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/image-2.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2021/04/image-2.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>After confirming the transaction, you have to wait for the initialisation process. You can see the transaction status in the upper right corner. After a successful confirmation, you will pay fee in MATIC.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/image-1.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="774" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/image-1.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/image-1.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/image-1.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2021/04/image-1.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>Once the "Checkpoint" has arrived [see image on the right above], switch the network in the MetaMask settings from Matic to Ethereum and click Continue.Sign the transaction on the Ethereum network to initiate the withdrawal of MPOND tokens from Matic to Ethereum.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/04/image-3.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1072" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/04/image-3.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/04/image-3.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/04/image-3.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2021/04/image-3.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>After the transaction is signed, you will receive the MPOND tokens on the Ethereum network. To see the MPOND token in Metamask, use the MPOND contract address on the Ethereum network. MPOND contract address: 0x1C77d15857646687005dbbAfFf5873F4495a9731Now you can stake your MPOND tokens! Use the following tutorial to <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/stake-pond-with-marlin/">stake your POND/MPOND tokens with P2P Validator</a>.<hr>If you have any questions, please stop by the <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">P2P Telegram</a>.<hr><h3 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h3>P2P Validator is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than $3.2 billion from over 10,000 delegators across 25+ high-class staking networks. <h3 id="learn-more-">Learn more:</h3>Web: <a href="https://p2p.org/?utm_source=blog&utm_campaign=sol_guide">p2p.org</a> Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/P2Pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">@p2pvalidator</a> LinkedIn: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/?ref=p2p.org">linkedin.com/company/p2p-org</a> Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a>

Admin

from p2p validator

Mina Mina Protocol (MINA) Staking Guide

This delegation guide will walk you through the steps of staking MINA tokens using the client interface to earn <a href="https://p2p.org/mina?ref=p2p.org">Mina Protocol staking</a> rewards. To get started, please ensure that you have a wallet funded with MINA tokens.<h3 id="step-1-set-up-the-environment">Step 1: Set up the environment</h3>To get started here, install Ubuntu 18.04/Debian 9. Upon successful installation, please follow the steps outlined below: <ol><li>Add repository: echo "deb [trusted=yes] http://packages.o1test.net release main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mina.list</li><li>Update: apt-get update</li><li>Install the latest Mina daemon: apt-get install -y curl unzip mina-mainnet=1.1.3-48401e9 (check release notes for the newest version)</li></ol>To confirm correct configuration, check the version: mina version (you should see: Commit 48401e92d94948c066c03ca76326c065e5cbfc92 on branch master)<h3 id="step-2-delegate-mina">Step 2: Delegate MINA </h3>Upon successfully configuring the staking environment, refer to the steps below to start delegating. 1. Unlock your account.<pre><code class="language-bash">mina account unlock -public-key $MINA_PUBLIC_KEY</code></pre>2. Delegate to a selected block producer. If you wish to stake with P2P, use our delegation address: B62qs2Lw5WZNSjd8eHBUZXFYyRjV8oKtrZMFDn1S1Ye62G71xCQJMYM3. Paste the following code:<pre><code class="language-bash">mina client delegate-stake \ -receiver B62qs2Lw5WZNSjd8eHBUZXFYyRjV8oKtrZMFDn1S1Ye62G71xCQJMYM \ -sender $MINA_PUBLIC_KEY \ -fee 0.1</code></pre>Your delegation will start to take part in consensus after the next epoch or two (~15 - 29 days). There is no MINA un-bonding period and staking rewards are distributed manually every epoch (~14d 21h) and automatically staked if your account is delegating.If you delegate from an account with locked tokens it is highly recommended to transfer your rewards to a separate fresh account and stake from there to increase the probability of receiving a supercharged coinbase.<hr>If you have any questions, please refer to our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>. We are always open for communication.<hr><h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading staking provider with the best industry security practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only top-notch staking opportunities. At the time of the latest update, more than three billion of USD value is staked with P2P Validator by over 10,00 delegators across 25+ networks. Our infrastructure is under advanced monitoring with alerts and 24/7 technical support making it the best choice for institutional investors.<hr>Web: <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org</a>Stake MINA with us: <a href="https://p2p.org/mina?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/mina</a>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/P2Pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">@p2pvalidator</a>Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Marlin Marlin Protocol (POND) Staking Guide

A step-by-step guide on how to stake POND/MPOND tokens using the Marlin staking platform together with Metamask or Wallet Connect.Marlin is a layer-0 protocol focused on network-layer performance, security and robustness. Marlin Protocol speeds up block propagation of existing blockchains to enable higher throughput. <h2 id="marlin-protocol-staking">Marlin Protocol Staking</h2>When you stake POND or MPOND tokens, you are increasing the security of the Marlin network while earning more POND tokens by delegating your tokens to clusters that participate in Marlin network.If you own a hardware device such as a Ledger Nano S or X, we strongly suggest using it for your staking operations. The process is pretty much the same as described in this guide. The only difference is that you need to sign transactions via your hardware device instead of using your browser. Staking your POND/MPOND via the Marlin staking platform or the MetaMask wallet involves two main steps:Step 1: Connecting your MetaMask wallet address to the Marlin staking platform.Step 2: Creating a stash and delegating your POND/MPOND tokens to P2P. <h3 id="step-1-connect-your-metamask-wallet-address">Step 1: Connect your MetaMask wallet address</h3>Visit <a href="https://arb1.marlin.org/relay/stash?ref=p2p.org" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://arb1.marlin.org/relay/stash</a> and connect your ETH address with POND or MPOND. Note that the address must be connected to the Ethereum network. After a successful connection, click the "Add Stash" button.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/e71eaCnmsZUS8rZtjYf4Pv7KYUDCbdARRUGvgi6tlvEJMvn19IHa-XjVCl5QY51ncHydYissIGJG1dqTgT74eD1xPZ2Ul4J3t0jTkZv9uKdlpUAnA6egSDeFHdrzqIDkOqFn_U8M" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure><h3 id="step-2-create-a-stash-and-delegate-pond-mpond">Step 2: Create a stash and delegate POND/MPOND</h3>To delegate your tokens to the cluster you must create a stash. Tokens are moved to a stash and then you can choose whichever cluster the tokens in the stash should be delegated to. You can have multiple stashes to delegate to multiple clusters. This just provides more flexibility.To get started with a delegation, enter the number of PONDs/MPONDs you plan to delegate, as well as the operator address as follows:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/03/Screenshot-2021-03-08-at-14.10.08.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1026" height="814" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/03/Screenshot-2021-03-08-at-14.10.08.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/03/Screenshot-2021-03-08-at-14.10.08.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/03/Screenshot-2021-03-08-at-14.10.08.png 1026w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><div class="note-card"> P2P Validator Operator Addresses: <ul> <li>0x6017b5df98118730e4c31b17c5a7438ecaa8887b</li> <li>0x785ceab6bec10ca9634bce3a60f4124add801f0c</li> <li>0xcbebfc74163cf5777a58201702e27dbfded6e2f5</li> </ul> </div><blockquote>We recommend that you create several stashes at the first stage to deposit some of your funds. This is because the probability of choosing a cluster is quadratic. Clusters with a large number of delegations may give lower returns. The un-delegation period is 30 days. We will monitor the performance of our cluster and take the necessary actions to increase the profitability of our delegates.</blockquote>To stake POND, a user must first make an Approve transaction before creating a Stash. If you are going to create multiple stash accounts, you can make an Approve transaction for the full amount of one transaction and then create stash accounts afterwards.Approve the numbers and click the Confirm button and confirm the transaction on the MetaMask wallet. In order to succeed, you will need to have ETH to pay for the transaction fee. After the transaction, it takes some time for your stash to be reflected in the interface. <figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/NL-uMdZmSGpVjf7qVHGjL6d7badtQ_p5dcTUjo-R_K9ynsIhID0YQNssbnRhqcIWt_KSr7LBGGUSS_CfNXdU-TjyawOrcMMJZ-2kP8uGZDqzJBGEHcFPEZGleomMEXUaixOd1F-V" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure><blockquote>If you don't see your stash for a long time, make a hard reload of the page by pressing ctrl/cmd + shift + R.</blockquote>After successfully creating a stash, you will see all the information about your POND/MPOND Delegation within the interface. To delegate more POND or MPOND to an existing stash, click on Add Tokens underneath the My Stashes section.<div class="note-card"> Marlin (POND) Staking FAQ: <ul> <li>Rewards are distributed once per day.</li> <li>Rewards do not auto-compound. To compound your POND rewards, you must claim them.</li> <li>Unclaimed rewards (in POND) appear under My Stashes at app.marlin.pro/relay/stash.</li> <li>Click the Claim button to withdraw rewards. Rewards can be withdrawn at any time and do not affect on-going delegations.</li> <li>The Marlin un-bonding period is currently set to 30 days.</li> <li>Re-delegation of POND tokens to another delegator has a delay of 6 hours.</li> </ul> </div><h2 id="alternative-approach-choosing-operator">Alternative approach: Choosing Operator</h2>Alternative to the steps above, you can stake directly with P2P through the following steps:<ol><li>Visit <a href="https://arb1.marlin.org/relay/operator?ref=p2p.org">https://arb1.marlin.org/relay/operator</a></li><li>Connect your wallet via the ‘Connect Wallet’ button in the top right corner. You can use either MetaMask or WalletConnect.</li><li>Pick P2P.ORG as your Marlin cluster operator by clicking on the Delegate icon.</li><li>A pop up will appear - choose the amount of POND and/or MPOND token you want to stake and approve.</li><li>Once the transaction has been mined, click Confirm to create a stash and delegate it to P2P.</li></ol>Once completed you will be able to view the Stash within the My Stashes section. Here you will also be able to view staked POND and MPOND tokens by clicking Show Delegated Tokens.To delegate more POND or MPOND to an existing stash, click on Add Tokens underneath the My Stashes section.<h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2>P2P Validator is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than $3 billion from over 10,00 delegators across 25+ high-class networks.Website: <a href="https://p2p.org/?utm_source=blog&utm_campaign=marlin_stakedrop_claim">p2p.org</a>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">@p2pvalidator</a>Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/p2pvalidator</a>LinkedIn: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/?ref=p2p.org">linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/</a>

Pavel Pavlov

from p2p validator

Cosmos Cosmos ATOM Staking Guide [Keplr + Ledger]

This tutorial helps you stake and manage <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/cosmos/?ref=p2p.org">ATOM</a> tokens on the <a href="https://p2p.org/cosmos?ref=p2p.org">Cosmos</a> blockchain, using both the <a href="https://keplr.app/?ref=p2p.org">Keplr</a> Browser Extension and Web Wallet together with your favorite <a href="https://www.ledger.com/?ref=p2p.org">Ledger</a> device.<h3 id="this-guide-will-help-you">This guide will help you</h3><ol><li>Set up your Keplr Wallet.</li><li>Stake ATOMs on the Cosmos blockchain to earn ATOM staking rewards.</li><li>Manage your Cosmos ATOM stake and grow your portfolio</li></ol><h3 id="before-you-start-">Before you start:</h3><ul><li>Download and install the newest version of <a href="https://www.ledger.com/ledger-live/download?ref=p2p.org">Ledger Live</a> on your desktop machine.</li><li>Update your <a href="https://support.ledger.com/hc/en-us/articles/360002731113-Update-Ledger-Nano-S-firmware?ref=p2p.org">Ledger</a> device to the newest firmware.</li><li>Install the latest version of the Cosmos App on your Ledger device. </li></ul>See below for a step-by-step guide. <h3 id="i-setting-up-your-keplr-wallet">I. Setting up your Keplr Wallet</h3><ol><li>Open the Keplr Browser Extension (available for <a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/keplr/dmkamcknogkgcdfhhbddcghachkejeap?ref=p2p.org">Chrome and Brave</a>) and press ‘Import Ledger’.</li></ol><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/image-1.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="384" height="455"></figure>2. Give the account a name, then click ‘Next’.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/image-2.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="384" height="455"></figure>3. Plug in and unlock your Ledger device. Open the Cosmos app and click ‘Next’.4. Your Keplr account is successfully connected to your Ledger device.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/image-3.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="384" height="556"></figure>Now let's start staking! <h3 id="ii-staking-atom-on-the-cosmos-blockchain">II. Staking ATOM on the Cosmos blockchain</h3><ol><li>Open the Keplr Browser Extension and choose your Ledger account (via the ‘human icon’).</li><li>Copy your address by clicking ‘Deposit’ first, then fund your account with ATOM.</li><li>Once you have a balance, you can proceed with the ‘<a href="https://wallet.keplr.app/?ref=p2p.org#/cosmoshub-4/stake">Stake</a>’ option.</li></ol><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/image-4.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="904" height="282" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/02/image-4.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/image-4.png 904w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>4. Choose your validator (P2P.ORG - P2P Validator) then click ‘Manage’ and ‘Delegate’ in the next picture.5. Choose the amount of ATOMs you want to stake and click ‘Delegate’.<figure class="kg-card kg-gallery-card kg-width-wide"><div class="kg-gallery-container"><div class="kg-gallery-row"><div class="kg-gallery-image"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/image-5-1.png" width="392" height="357" loading="lazy" alt></div><div class="kg-gallery-image"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/image-6.png" width="392" height="357" loading="lazy" alt></div></div></div></figure>6. Set your preferred fee (there are three options available) by hitting ‘Set Fee’.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/image-7.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="304" height="474"></figure>7. In the following window, double-check the amount you are going to delegate as well as the P2P Validators’ address (you can see the first and last few digits only).<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/image-8.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="304" height="470"></figure>8. Check the information on your Ledger device and click ‘Approve’ on it.9. Use the Dashboard within the <a href="https://wallet.keplr.app/?ref=p2p.org#/cosmoshub-4/stake">Keplr Web Wallet</a> or <a href="https://www.mintscan.io/cosmos?ref=p2p.org">Mintscan</a>, one of the popular block-explorers, to see whether your delegation was successful. <div class="address-card"> P2P Validator’s Cosmos address: cosmosvaloper132juzk0gdmwuxvx4phug7m3ymyatxlh9734g4w </div> Now let’s try to manage your staking assets. <h2 id="iii-managing-your-cosmos-stake">III. Managing your Cosmos stake</h2><h3 id="claim-your-atom-staking-rewards">Claim your ATOM staking rewards</h3><ol><li>Open the Keplr Browser Extension and click ‘Claim’.</li><li>Choose your comfortable fee by hitting ‘Set Fee’ in the appropriate pop-up screen.</li><li>Plug in your Ledger device, unlock, and open the Cosmos app on it, then click ‘Next’ in the Browser Extension pop-up.</li><li>Review the transaction on your Ledger device and confirm it by hitting the two buttons on your hard wallet.</li></ol><h3 id="compound-your-atom-staking-rewards-to-increase-your-return">Compound your ATOM staking rewards to increase your return</h3><ol><li>Open the Keplr Web Wallet and, find your validator (P2P Validator) in the Staking Menu, click ‘Manage’ and then ‘Delegate’.</li><li>Choose the fees in the subsequent pop-up, hit ‘Set Fee’.</li><li>Plug in your Ledger device, unlock, and open the Cosmos app on it, then click ‘Next’ in the Browser Extension pop-up.</li><li>Review and sign transaction by hitting ‘Approve’ on your Ledger device.</li></ol> <div class="note-card"> Cosmos (ATOM) Staking FAQ: <ul> <li>The current ATOM staking APY is approximately 10.60% per year.</li> <li>You need to have some funds remaining on your account while staking to ensure you can cover transaction fees.</li> <li>Claiming rewards is a manually process which involves transaction fees.</li> <li>Cosmos staking rewards are paid out in real-time, with rewards accruing approximately every 7 seconds.</li> <li>The Cosmos network has a 21 day unstaking period throughout which your tokens will not be transferable.</li> </ul> </div> That’s it.Now you know how to delegate and compound your Cosmos staking rewards using both the Keplr Browser Extension and the Keplr Web Wallet together with your Ledger device.If any questions arise, whether on <a href="https://p2p.org/cosmos?ref=p2p.org">Cosmos staking</a> or not, feel free to contact us via <a href="https://twitter.com/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">Telegram</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/p2p-org/?ref=p2p.org">LinkedIn</a>, or <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org#contact-us">email</a>. About P2P Validator <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider with the best industry practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities securing more than 3 billion of USD value at the time of the latest update.P2P Validator is trusted by over 24,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are a major player in all networks we support because of our experience, commitments and our reputation. We pay special attention to the process of governance.

Admin

from p2p validator

Near Near Protocol (NEAR) Staking Guide

The following guide walks you through the process of NEAR staking. This guide is for those who already have a funded NEAR account. If you don’t, go to <a href="https://wallet.near.org/?ref=p2p.org">wallet.near.org</a> to set up an account.<hr>Near Protocol (NEAR) is an open-source platform which is designed to build and empower decentralised applications. NEAR token holders can stake their tokens to earn up to 11% APY. The following guide walks you through the Near staking using <a href="https://wallet.near.org/?ref=p2p.org">Near Wallet</a>. Near Wallet is a Near specific wallet which lets you store, send and stake your tokens.<hr><h3 id="staking-near-protocol-near-video-guide">Staking Near Protocol (NEAR): Video Guide</h3><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aRXNQlEa4D4" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe><hr><h3 id="staking-near-using-near-wallet">Staking NEAR using Near Wallet</h3>1. Import your account from <a href="https://wallet.near.org/?ref=p2p.org">wallet.near.org/</a> and access it. If you use ledger make sure that firmware and NEAR application is up to date.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/01/image-1.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="895" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/01/image-1.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/01/image-1.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/01/image-1.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/01/image-1.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>2. Navigate to the Staking tab and press Stake My Tokens.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/01/image-2.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="630" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/01/image-2.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/01/image-2.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/01/image-2.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/01/image-2.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>3. Look for a validator you wish to stake with or simply type its name in the search bar.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/01/image-3.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="642" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/01/image-3.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/01/image-3.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/01/image-3.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/01/image-3.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>4. Press on Stake With Validator.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/01/image-4.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="519" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/01/image-4.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/01/image-4.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/01/image-4.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/01/image-4.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>5. Specify the amount you wish to stake or click on the Use Max button in case you want to delegate the whole available balance. Scroll down and press Submit Stake.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/01/image-8.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="889" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/01/image-8.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/01/image-8.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/01/image-8.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/01/image-8.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>6. Confirm staking in the new window.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/01/image-10.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="787" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/01/image-10.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/01/image-10.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/01/image-10.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/01/image-10.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>7. Approve the transaction on your hardware wallet if you use Ledger. You will be asked to authorize two transactions.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/7confirm-with-a-ledger.PNG" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1893" height="868" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/02/7confirm-with-a-ledger.PNG 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2021/02/7confirm-with-a-ledger.PNG 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2021/02/7confirm-with-a-ledger.PNG 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/7confirm-with-a-ledger.PNG 1893w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>8. If everything is fine you will see a Success window. Your stake will start generating rewards from the next epoch (~12-14h). Those rewards are automatically added to the active stake. To claim rewards or change a validator you will need to undelegate and wait for 36-52h before withdrawing.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/01/image-11.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="895" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/01/image-11.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/01/image-11.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/01/image-11.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/01/image-11.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><hr>If you have any questions, feel free to ask in our <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">Telegram chat</a>. We are always open for communication.<hr><h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2>P2P Validator is a world-leading staking provider with the best industry security practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only top-notch staking opportunities. At the time of the latest update, more than three billion of USD value is staked with P2P Validator by over 10,000 delegators across 25+ networks. Our infrastructure is under advanced monitoring with alerts and 24/7 technical support making it the best choice for institutional investors.<hr>Web: <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org</a> Stake NEAR with us: <a href="https://p2p.org/near?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/near</a> Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/P2Pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">@p2pvalidator</a> Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Solana Solana Inflation and Staking Rewards

This post will outline incentives for Solana token holders to stake SOL and earn rewards by securing the network.Stake your SOL and earn up to 8% in staking rewards using our simple <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/stake-sol-solana-with-solflare-wallet-and-ledger/">step-by-step guide</a> for staking with Solflare Wallet and Ledger Nano S/X.Inflation has been enabled in <a href="https://p2p.org/solana?ref=p2p.org">Solana</a> allowing SOL delegators to earn rewards for contributing to the security and decentralisation of the network. We've gathered the most important information related to SOL staking and inflation below. For more details, visit <a href="https://p2p.org/solana?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/solana</a>. <h2 id="solana-inflation">Solana Inflation</h2>In order to compensate node operators for state validation and delegators for locking their funds, every epoch (~2-3 days), protocol issues new SOL based on emission rate called inflation. Every epoch staking rewards are added to the active stake automatically. Inflation parameter is defined on a protocol level representing annual emission percentage. The exact value of new minted SOL is recalculated every epoch based on the total supply.Solana token emission is distributed among validator pools based on their stake weight in the network. Every epoch a special program on Solana calculates the weight of all active stakes and assigns points that are used to proportionally divide SOL rewards among participants for that period.A decision about inflation rate value is very important for sustainable network growth. It should incentivize participants to stake, cover costs of operating for validators and at the same time avoid over dilution of network users. For the first year annual emission will constitute 8%. In the following years inflation percentage will be decreasing by 15% per year until emission reaches ~1,5%.Another revenue source is derived from transaction fees. It is expected to be relatively low for the first years. In current implementation 50% of transaction fees is burned while the rest goes to the current leader who processed the transaction.<h2 id="sol-staking-rewards">SOL Staking Rewards</h2>With the enabling of Solana inflation, SOL token holders are now able to earn rewards on their staked tokens. <ul><li>The Solana inflation/emission rate will start at 8% and decrease by 15% annually until it reaches a long-term inflation of 1.5%.</li><li>The SOL rewards are distributed to delegators every epoch, which is approximately ~2 days.</li><li>The Solana warm-up period - the time taken for your SOL stake to start earning rewards is approximately ~2 days if the amount is less than 25% of staked tokens.</li><li>The Solana cool-down period - time for your stake to become liquid after you stop staking is approximately ~2 days if the amount is less than 25% of staked tokens.</li><li>Your staking rewards are compounded automatically. </li></ul>In the beginning all Solana staking rewards will be distributed to validator pools. In the future, additional percentages from total issuance can be directed to the ecosystem development purposes and archivers, network participants who provide storage service downloading parts of the ledger and providing proof of replication of storing the segments.The efficiency of Solana staking from an economic perspective depends on the overall participation. The total issuance is distributed to active delegators. If less than all SOL are staked, delegators will receive higher rewards than initial inflation.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/Sol-infl.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="775" height="436" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/02/Sol-infl.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/Sol-infl.png 775w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>For every epoch (2 days), the annual staking yield can be calculated using the formula:APY = inflation * archiver_share * foundation_share / staking_ratio, where staking_ratio = staked_tokens / total_supplyAt time of launch, archiver_share and foundation_share are planned to be set to 0%, so 100% of emission will initially be going to validator pools. The first years will be the most attractive for Solana delegators representing an opportunity to increase the network share.With the development of staking derivatives it will be possible to generate additional yield on top of staking rewards.<hr>Special thanks to <a href="https://twitter.com/sciencethedata?ref=p2p.org">Eric Williams</a> for valuable additions. Having trouble getting started? Please get in touch with a P2P representative by emailing [email protected] or ask for assistance in our <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">Telegram chat</a>.<hr><h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2>P2P Validator is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than 3 billion USD value from over 10,000 delegators across 25+ high-class networks. We are early investors in Solana and have supported the network from the first block taking part in all stages of testing and voting.<hr>Web: <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org</a> Stake SOL with us: <a href="https://p2p.org/solana?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/solana</a> Twitter: @p2pvalidator Telegram: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

TheGraph Loss of Epoch Rewards in Graph Network: A Post-mortem

<h2 id="tldr">TLDR</h2>Due to an old version of an indexer agent combined with a short-time node desynchronisation, closed allocation resulted in a zero proof of indexing on February 6th 2021. Due to this rewards for the epoch vanished. Lost rewards will be fully compensated by waiving our fee and sharing our own indexing rewards with our delegators. <h2 id="what-happened">What happened?</h2>An oversight in an upgrade process led to the indexer-agent version being out of date. A minor hiccup in Ethereum node operation coincided with the allocation closing, resulting in the closing of an allocation without a proof of indexing being submitted. Rewards will be fully compensated over the course of 12 days by charging 0% fee and sharing our own indexing rewards. <h2 id="what-went-wrong">What went wrong?</h2>We provide regular reward stats on a daily/weekly basis for delegators with locked GRT and thus had no monitoring of epoch rewards after closing an allocation. This led to a minor delay in reaction as reports are filled automatically without human intervention. Right after realising that rewards had been lost we set up an internal investigation.Additionally was the absence of a well-reviewed upgrade procedure for new indexer releases. The upgrade procedure had no clear standard and checklist of actions to follow. New allocations were opened and no technical mistakes occurred, but existing monitoring that allocation was insufficient. We noticed that monitoring for a subgraph syncing delay had insufficient resolution time-wise so failed to catch a small hiccup in Ethereum node operation.<h2 id="what-went-well">What went well?</h2>We close and open allocations on a daily basis so we lost only one day of rewards. We collect statistics on stake changes every day and spotted a problem with reward crediting. We also thank our delegators who have noticed the issue and pointed concerns out in our <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">Telegram channel</a>. <h2 id="impact-on-clients">Impact on clients</h2>All our Graph Network delegators lost one day of indexing rewards. To compensate and mitigate their loss, P2P will waive the fees for 12 days in addition to distributing all the rewards from our own indexer stake for that period. <h2 id="lessons-learned">Lessons learned</h2>We should have had monitoring for new version releases and checked that software is up to date before taking actions. To avoid such issues in the future we have defined a clear written procedure for upgrades and set monitoring for all necessary releases. This case revealed flaws in our existing monitoring so we have now initiated a deep analysis of all metrics improving it from ground up and adding necessary alerts to support this. We have decided to make reviews for all standard operating procedures more rigorous by allocating more engineering time to these activities. Testing and improvement will be continued on the new testnet where we are already set up. All the crucial operations, upgrades and innovations that can potentially lead to a financial loss will be implemented on testnet first.P2P takes full responsibility for this and we are sorry for the inconvenience. Please be assured that P2P is taking actions to eliminate even a small probability of such an event occurring in future.

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Polkadot P2P Partners With Advanced Blockchain AG To Manage Institutional Polkadot Staking

We are pleased to announce our collaboration with <a href="https://en.advancedblockchain.com/?ref=p2p.org">Advanced Blockchain AG</a> to manage their <a href="https://p2p.org/polkadot?ref=p2p.org">Polkadot (DOT) staking</a> activities - validating their 7-figure USD equivalent DOT balance - whilst furthering their research activity across the Polkadot Network. <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> has been chosen due to our unique ability to enhance the efficiency of staking portfolios across institutional stakers - specifically Polkadot - maximising their staking returns as well as their strategic positioning across blockchain staking networks.  <h2 id="institutional-staking">Institutional Staking</h2>With our institutional staking services, P2P offers stakers an advanced, non-custodial staking methodology providing access to secure staking strategies for optimised APY returns. By working with P2P Validator’s institutional staking division, Advanced Blockchain AG are able to maintain their direct DOT exposure whilst maximising their staking APY and efficiently compounding <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/3-reasons-to-stake-dot-right-now/">DOT staking rewards</a>. In addition to this, Advanced Blockchain AG can benefit from P2P’s extensive monitoring, analytic and support systems as well as around-the-clock support.Speaking on the partnership, CEO of Advanced Blockchain AG Michael Geike commented "We are very happy to be working with P2P Validator and highly value their expertise across staking networks. Together we aim to maximise our returns while supporting and further stabilising the Polkadot ecosystem.” <h2 id="furthering-polkadot-network-research">Furthering Polkadot Network Research</h2>Our mission at P2P is to advance developments within the blockchain space and to contribute to the growth of PoS networks like the <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/polkadot-overview-for-newcomers/">Polkadot Network</a>. Our vision extends beyond that of digital asset staking as we aim further research efforts across decentralisation and governance.By partnering with Advanced Blockchain AG - a public blockchain network developer - we are able to identify innovative staking networks at an early stage whilst further growing our professional staking network.  <hr> <h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2>P2P Validator is a leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than $3 billion in assets from across 25+ staking networks including <a href="https://p2p.org/polkadot?ref=p2p.org">Polkadot</a>, <a href="https://p2p.org/cosmos?ref=p2p.org">Cosmos</a>, <a href="https://p2p.org/solana?ref=p2p.org">Solana</a> and <a href="https://p2p.org/tezos?ref=p2p.org">Tezos</a>. Our services include transparent digital asset staking, advanced monitoring, dedicated account analyst and 24/7 support. To learn more about our range of professional staking services across networks like Polkadot, <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org#contact-us">contact us</a>. <h2 id="about-advanced-blockchain-ag">About Advanced Blockchain AG</h2>Advanced Blockchain AG (Frankfurt, Primary Market Düsseldorf, XETRA: ISIN DE000A0M93V6) is a publicly listed blockchain venture builder and ecosystem supporter in Germany. Founded in 2017, their portfolio and ecosystem development approach is centered around Web 3.0 and distributed ledger technology. To learn more about Advanced Blockchain AG and its portfolio companies, visit en.advancedblockchain.com.

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