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Cosmos

Introducing Neutron

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P2P is building Neutron, a permission-less zone featuring CosmWasm and full IBC capability (including Interchain Accounts and Queries) to host the Interchain’s infrastructure and DeFi protocols. Neutron is proposed to launch as a Consumer-Chain secured by the Cosmos Hub.

 

The vision of an ecosystem of the sovereign, interconnected blockchains is coming to life. As the technology underpinning Cosmos matures, adoption is picking up: a recent example, dYdX, a major Ethereum Perp-Trading protocol, announced it was moving to a custom App-Chain to provide better order book trading services to its users.

Not all protocols need the same degree of customization as dYdX does, though, and most would rather avoid the overhead associated with the construction of a generic zone. For these protocols, there needs to be a secure, well-connected CosmWasm hub where to deploy.

Currently, such a zone does not exist: no chain is as secure as the Cosmos Hub, and Proposal 69 showed the community’s preference for virtual machines to be released on Consumer-Chains, rather than the Hub itself.

Today, we are proud to announce we are making the Cosmonauts’ vision a reality: Introducing Neutron, a permission-less, Interchain-Secured CosmWasm smart-contracting environment for the Interchain.

 

What is Neutron?

Neutron is designed to be the premier venue for Interchain Smart-Contract deployment:

Built with the Cosmos SDK, Neutron features native support for CosmWasm, a virtual machine that allows smart contracts written in Rust, AssemblyScript and other coding languages to run on Cosmos blockchains. The resulting smart-contracts have significant benefits over the release of code into an Appchain’s binary: they benefit from a large library of testing tools, are easier to deploy and upgrade, and can be audited more efficiently.

To protect its ecosystem from the get go, Neutron would be secured by 175 validators and roughly 186M staked ATOM, worth $1.5Bn at the time of writing. This is made possible by a technology called Interchain Security, which lets validators from a Provider-Chain (e.g. the Cosmos Hub) produce blocks for a Consumer-Chain (e.g. Neutron). Node operators are rewarded with additional native tokens, but can be sanctioned if they fail to validate the Consumer-Chain. In a nutshell, Interchain Security would provide Neutron with the same degree of security as the Cosmos Hub, the 10th largest blockchain by value staked.

Neutron is Interchain-oriented: it supports the Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol (IBC), Interchain Accounts (ICA), as well as Interchain Queries (ICQ), at launch. Initially, Interchain Queries will be provided by a custom implementation developed by P2P, and upgraded to the official release once it is available. This allows any protocol deploying on Neutron to effortlessly communicate with the rest of IBC, and enables complex operations such as interchain liquid staking or cross-chain collateralization.

Last but not least, Neutron is permission-less: it is an open platform where anyone can deploy code to join the Interchain’s economy. Neutron is a neutral foundation on which anything can be built. It does not presume the worth of a project, and does not favor the interests of a protocol over that of another. Neutron is a public-good, owned by the community, by its users.

 

What is P2P?

P2P is a professional validator and a non-custodial staking provider which secures more than $1.5Bn in assets across the industry.

A long-term contributor to the Cosmos ecosystem, P2P has been securing the Cosmos Hub since genesis. It participated in the ATOM fundraiser and regularly open-sources its tooling.

At P2P, we have a strong conviction in the Interchain’s vision, which is why we help secure sixteen Cosmos networks, including Kava, Agoric, Evmos, Oasis and others.

P2P is an established player with valuable relationships across the DeFi industry: we see the need for a secure, permission-less, well-connected and reliable smart-contract platform. So, we built Neutron.

Over the coming weeks and months, we will be sharing more details about Neutron. The future of the Interchain is bright, let’s build it together: join the conversation over on the Cosmos Forum.

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Ethereum Ethereum 2.0 FAQ

<p>If you are looking for information about The Merge we've got you covered. Below you can find answers to the most common questions about the upcoming Ethereum upgrade. </p><p></p><h3 id="what-is-ethereum-20">What is Ethereum 2.0?</h3><p>Ethereum 2.0 (ETH2) is a set of upgrades that looks to make Ethereum more scalable, secure and sustainable.</p><h3 id="will-ethereum-be-renamed-after-the-merge">Will Ethereum be renamed after The Merge?</h3><p>No, Ethereum will still be Ethereum and no new cryptocurrencies will be created. The ticker for the Ethereum token will remain the same, ETH.</p><p>This misconception comes from the fact that for a time ETH on the mainnet was referred to as ETH1 and ETH on the Beacon Chain was referred to as ETH2. After The Merge however only ETH will exist.</p><h3 id="what-are-the-major-differences-between-current-ethereum-and-ethereum-20">What are the major differences between current Ethereum and Ethereum 2.0?</h3><p>There are two big changes happening with the introduction of ETH2.</p><p>The first one will be a shift from Proof of work (PoW) to Proof of Stake (PoS). The second one will be the introduction of shard chains. </p><h3 id="what-is-the-difference-between-proof-of-work-pow-and-proof-of-stake-pos">What is the difference between Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS)?</h3><p>PoW is a consensus mechanism that relies on computational power and the expenditure of energy to validate transactions on a blockchain. In PoS validators use capital to validate transactions. This not only helps alleviate environmental concerns associated with PoW but also improves security and scalability.</p><h3 id="when-will-eth2-launch">When will ETH2 launch?</h3><p>The ETH2 launch will be segmented into phases. </p><p>The first phase occurred in December 2020 with the launch of the <strong>Beacon Chain</strong>. The launch of the Beacon Chain marked an important milestone in the road to ETH2, introducing PoS to Ethereum.</p><p>The next phase is called <strong>The Merge</strong> and it is scheduled to happen on September 19, 2022. The Merge represents the fusion of the current Ethereum mainnet with the Beacon Chain. This update will replace the current Proof of Work consensus mechanism with Proof of Stake.</p><p><strong>Shard chains</strong> are a scalability mechanism through which the blockchain is divided among many different nodes thus allowing transactions to be processed in parallel instead of consecutively. This helps drastically improve the network amount of transactions per second. This upgrade is currently expected to launch somewhere in 2023 following The Merge. There has been no confirmed date yet but be on the lookout for announcements.</p><h3 id="what-will-happen-to-my-ethereum">What will happen to my Ethereum?</h3><p>You won’t need to do anything with your Ethereum. The Merge was set up to be a seamless transition for the average user.</p><h3 id="what-is-ethereum-expected-staking-apr-after-the-merge">What is Ethereum expected staking APR after The Merge?</h3><p>The current APR before The Merge is around 4%. After The Merge the best estimates place the APR between the range of 7-11%. </p><p>You can find a more comprehensive answer to this question <a href="https://blog.lido.fi/modelling-the-entry-queue-post-merge-an-analysis-of-impacts-on-lidos-socialized-model/?ref=p2p.org">here</a>.</p><h3 id="will-there-be-a-proof-of-work-fork-of-ethereum-after-the-merge-can-i-get-tokens-on-the-new-chain-if-i-stake-them">Will there be a Proof-of-Work fork of Ethereum after The merge? Can I get tokens on the new chain if I stake them?</h3><p>Yes, there most likely will be a fork of Ethereum after The Merge. Staked Ethereum will probably also not be counted towards getting new tokens in the forked chain.</p><p>There are pros in choosing to stake early rather than wait for the fork. As more ETH gets staked the less rewards are available for each validator. Due to the expected increase in staking APR post-merge one can capture this yield by staking early.</p><p>By waiting to stake one can also risk being caught up in the staking queue that can form if a large number of validators are trying to be created at the same time. This can push the current waiting period to start earning rewards, which currently goes up to 7 days, to a 2 to 4 months waiting period. </p><p>The calculation being made here is between the profit earned from the tokens on the new chain versus the loss of staking rewards for 2 to 4 months.</p><h3 id="what-is-the-minimum-amount-of-eth-i-can-stake">What is the minimum amount of ETH I can stake?</h3><p>You don’t need any Ethereum to run a node. However to validate blocks and earn staking rewards you need to stake at least 32 ETH.</p><p>Running a non-block-producing node is still incentivized since it improves network security.</p><h3 id="how-often-are-staking-rewards-distributed">How often are staking rewards distributed? </h3><p>Withdrawals from the Beacon Chain are not enabled so rewards are not being distributed just yet. You can still earn rewards however. </p><h3 id="will-i-be-able-to-earn-mev-rewards-from-staking">Will I be able to earn MEV rewards from staking?</h3><p>Yes, our APR estimates include MEV rewards.</p><h3 id="is-there-a-slashing-risk-for-validators">Is there a slashing risk for Validators?</h3><p>Yes, there is slashing risk to prevent malicious actions on the network.</p><h3 id="do-staking-rewards-compound">Do staking rewards compound?</h3><p>No, staking rewards do not compound because withdrawals from the Beacon Chain will not be enabled just yet.</p><h3 id="will-the-network-experience-any-downtime-during-the-merge">Will the network experience any downtime during The Merge?</h3><p>No, the network will not experience any downtime. The upgrade was designed to cause no disruption to the network.</p><h3 id="will-the-gas-fees-reduce-after-the-merge">Will the gas fees reduce after The Merge?</h3><p>No, The Merge changes the consensus mechanism from PoW to PoS. Gas fees are dictated by the network usage, future updates will look to address gas fees.</p><h3 id="will-transactions-be-faster-after-the-merge">Will transactions be faster after The Merge?</h3><p>It’s very unlikely. The Merge focus is not on scalability, future upgrades to the network will focus on scalability.<br></p><p>If you are interested in staking Ethereum with P2P, please email us at <a href="mailto:[email protected]" rel="noopener noreferrer">[email protected]</a>.</p><hr><p>About P2P Validator</p><p><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading staking provider with the best industry security  practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence  of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities. At the time of the latest update, <strong><strong><strong><strong>more than </strong></strong>2.9<strong><strong> billion of USD value is staked with P2P Validator by over 2</strong></strong>5<strong><strong>,000 delegators across 25+ networks.</strong></strong></strong></strong></p><p>Want to stake Ethereum with us? Visit <a href="https://p2p.org/networks/ethereum?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/networks/ethereum</a>  to find out more about Ethereum staking.</p><p>If you have any questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>, we are always open for communication.</p>

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Moonbeam Moonbeam (GLMR) Staking Guide

<p>Looking to stake your GLMR but need help getting started? You've come to the right place. In this article we will be explaining in a easy step-by-step approach how to stake your GLMR. Let's get started. </p><div class="kg-card kg-callout-card kg-callout-card-grey"><div class="kg-callout-emoji">💡</div><div class="kg-callout-text">Prerequisites: All you need before we get started is a Metamask account and at least 50 GLMR!</div></div><h3 id="connect-to-the-moonbeam-dashboard">Connect to the Moonbeam Dashboard</h3><p>1. The first thing that you will want to do is to connect to the Moonbeam dashboard. Navigate to the following page and select Metamask:  <br>"<a href="https://moonbeam.network/tutorial/stake-glmr/?ref=p2p.org">https://moonbeam.network/tutorial/stake-glmr/</a>" </p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-4.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1328" height="634" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/06/image-4.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/06/image-4.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-4.png 1328w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p>If you are not signed in yet, Metamask will ask you to sign in. </p><p>2. Metamask will then ask you: a) which account you wish to connect to, b) permission to add the Moonbeam network to your Metamask, and c) allow the website to switch your network to the Moonbeam network. Approve each pop-up. </p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/img_01--1-.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1137" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/06/img_01--1-.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/06/img_01--1-.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/06/img_01--1-.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/img_01--1-.png 2230w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p>3. If you find that your account is still not connected to the Moonbeam dashboard, go back to your Metamask account. It may ask you to connect your account again.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-146.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="318" height="326"></figure><p>4. If you haven't yet deposited any GLMR to your Metamask account, you can do so by finding your address as shown in the image below: </p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-144.jpg" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="352" height="592"></figure><p>5. Once you are connected to the dashboard, you will find information about your account including your available balance, staking balance, and even crowd loan rewards. </p><h3 id="how-to-stake-your-glmr">How to Stake your GLMR</h3><p>1. To stake your GLMR, head to the staking section in the dashboard. Scroll down and select "manage delegations". </p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-8.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="664" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/06/image-8.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/06/image-8.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/06/image-8.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/06/image-8.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p>2. Next you will have to select a Collator. Collators are responsible for validating blocks, and in return they will be recompensed with rewards. These rewards will then be shared with you, the delegator. More information about what collators are and how to select them here. Once you know who you will chose, click on "Select a Collator". </p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-9.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="920" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/06/image-9.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/06/image-9.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/06/image-9.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/06/image-9.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p>3. You can either select an active delegator or a waiting one. More information on how to chose a Collator here. For demonstrative purposes, I will select to delegate with P2P. Type in P2P and select this collator if you wish to delegate with us. </p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-11.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="548" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/06/image-11.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/06/image-11.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/06/image-11.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-11.png 2066w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p>4. Next, enter the amount you wish to delegate (remember the minimum is 50 GLMR) and select "Delegate".</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-14.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="303" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/06/image-14.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/06/image-14.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/06/image-14.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/06/image-14.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p>5. Metamask will prompt you to confirm the transaction. Select "Confirm".</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-145--1-.jpg" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="358" height="616"></figure><p><br>Thats it! You are now staking your GLMR and you will start compounding your funds. You can track your stake on your staking dashboard.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2022/06/image-18.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="2000" height="674" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2022/06/image-18.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2022/06/image-18.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2022/06/image-18.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w2400/2022/06/image-18.png 2400w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p><em>If you have any questions, feel free to join our<a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org"> Telegram chat</a>, we are always open for communication.</em></p><h3 id="about-p2p-validator"><br><strong><strong><strong>About P2P Validator</strong></strong></strong></h3><p><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading staking provider with the best industry security  practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities. At the time of the latest update, more than 1.5 billion USD value is staked with P2P Validator by over 25,000 delegators across 25+ networks.</p><p><em><em>Want to stake </em>GLMR<em> with us? Visit </em></em><a href="https://p2p.org/networks/moonbeam?ref=p2p.org"><em>https://p2p.org/networks/moonbeam</em></a><em><em> to find out more about </em>Moonbeam<em> staking.</em></em></p>

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