Loss of Epoch Rewards in Graph Network: A Post-mortem

<p><em>This post will outline incentives for Solana token holders to stake SOL and earn rewards by securing the network.</em></p><p><strong>Stake your SOL and earn up to 8% in staking rewards using our simple <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/stake-sol-solana-with-solflare-wallet-and-ledger/">step-by-step guide</a> for staking with Solflare Wallet and Ledger Nano S/X.</strong></p><p>Inflation has been enabled in <a href="https://p2p.org/solana?ref=p2p.org">Solana</a> allowing SOL delegators to earn rewards for contributing to the security and decentralisation of the network. </p><p>We've gathered the most important information related to SOL staking and inflation below. For more details, visit <a href="https://p2p.org/solana?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/solana</a>. </p><h2 id="solana-inflation">Solana Inflation</h2><p>In order to compensate node operators for state validation and delegators for locking their funds, every epoch (~2-3 days), protocol issues new SOL based on emission rate called inflation. <strong>Every epoch staking rewards are added to the active stake automatically.</strong> Inflation parameter is defined on a protocol level representing annual emission percentage. The exact value of new minted SOL is recalculated every epoch based on the total supply.</p><p>Solana token emission is distributed among validator pools based on their stake weight in the network. Every epoch a special program on Solana calculates the weight of all active stakes and assigns points that are used to proportionally divide SOL rewards among participants for that period.</p><p>A decision about inflation rate value is very important for sustainable network growth. It should incentivize participants to stake, cover costs of operating for validators and at the same time avoid over dilution of network users. <strong>For the first year annual emission will constitute 8%</strong>. In the following years inflation percentage will be decreasing by 15% per year until emission reaches ~1,5%.</p><p>Another revenue source is derived from transaction fees. It is expected to be relatively low for the first years. In current implementation 50% of transaction fees is burned while the rest goes to the current leader who processed the transaction.</p><h2 id="sol-staking-rewards">SOL Staking Rewards</h2><p>With the enabling of Solana inflation, SOL token holders are now able to earn rewards on their staked tokens. </p><ul><li>The Solana <strong>inflation/emission rate</strong> will start at 8% and decrease by 15% annually until it reaches a long-term inflation of 1.5%.</li><li>The <strong>SOL rewards</strong> <strong>are</strong> <strong>distributed</strong> to delegators every epoch, which is approximately ~2 days.</li><li>The <strong>Solana</strong> <strong>warm-up period</strong> - the time taken for your SOL stake to start earning rewards is approximately ~2 days if the amount is less than 25% of staked tokens.</li><li>The <strong>Solana cool-down period</strong> - time for your stake to become liquid after you stop staking is approximately ~2 days if the amount is less than 25% of staked tokens.</li><li>Your staking <strong>rewards are compounded automatically</strong>. </li></ul><p>In the beginning all Solana staking rewards will be distributed to validator pools. In the future, additional percentages from total issuance can be directed to the ecosystem development purposes and archivers, network participants who provide storage service downloading parts of the ledger and providing proof of replication of storing the segments.</p><p>The efficiency of Solana staking from an economic perspective depends on the overall participation. The total issuance is distributed to active delegators. If less than all SOL are staked, delegators will receive higher rewards than initial inflation.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/Sol-infl.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="775" height="436" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2021/02/Sol-infl.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2021/02/Sol-infl.png 775w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><p>For every epoch (2 days), the annual staking yield can be calculated using the formula:</p><p><em>APY = inflation * archiver_share * foundation_share / staking_ratio</em>, where<br><em>staking_ratio = staked_tokens / total_supply</em></p><p>At time of launch, <em>archiver_share </em>and <em>foundation_share </em>are planned to be set to 0%, so 100% of emission will initially be going to validator pools. <strong>The</strong> f<strong>irst years will be the most attractive for Solana delegators representing an opportunity to increase the network share.</strong></p><p>With the development of staking derivatives it will be possible to generate additional yield on top of staking rewards.</p><hr><p><em>Special thanks to <a href="https://twitter.com/sciencethedata?ref=p2p.org">Eric Williams</a> for valuable additions. Having trouble getting started? Please get in touch with a P2P representative by emailing [email protected] or ask for assistance in our <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">Telegram chat</a>.</em></p><hr><h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2><p>P2P Validator is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider <strong>securing more than 3 billion USD value from over 10,000 delegators across 25+ high-class networks</strong>. We are early investors in Solana and have supported the network from the first block taking part in all stages of testing and voting.</p><hr><p><strong>Web</strong>: <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org</a><br><strong>Stake SOL with us</strong>: <a href="https://p2p.org/solana?ref=p2p.org">p2p.org/solana</a><br><strong>Twitter</strong>: @p2pvalidator<br><strong>Telegram</strong>: <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">t.me/P2Pstaking</a></p>

<p>We are pleased to announce our collaboration with <a href="https://en.advancedblockchain.com/?ref=p2p.org">Advanced Blockchain AG</a> to manage their <a href="https://p2p.org/polkadot?ref=p2p.org">Polkadot (DOT) staking</a> activities - validating their 7-figure USD equivalent DOT balance - whilst furthering their research activity across the Polkadot Network. </p><p><a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> has been chosen due to our unique ability to enhance the efficiency of staking portfolios across institutional stakers - specifically Polkadot - maximising their staking returns as well as their strategic positioning across blockchain staking networks. </p><!--kg-card-begin: markdown--><p> </p> <!--kg-card-end: markdown--><h2 id="institutional-staking">Institutional Staking</h2><p>With our institutional staking services, P2P offers stakers an advanced, non-custodial staking methodology providing access to secure staking strategies for optimised APY returns. </p><p>By working with P2P Validator’s institutional staking division, Advanced Blockchain AG are able to maintain their direct DOT exposure whilst maximising their staking APY and efficiently compounding <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/3-reasons-to-stake-dot-right-now/">DOT staking rewards</a>. In addition to this, Advanced Blockchain AG can benefit from P2P’s extensive monitoring, analytic and support systems as well as around-the-clock support.</p><p>Speaking on the partnership, CEO of Advanced Blockchain AG Michael Geike commented "We are very happy to be working with P2P Validator and highly value their expertise across staking networks. Together we aim to maximise our returns while supporting and further stabilising the Polkadot ecosystem.”</p><!--kg-card-begin: markdown--><p> </p> <!--kg-card-end: markdown--><h2 id="furthering-polkadot-network-research">Furthering Polkadot Network Research</h2><p>Our mission at P2P is to advance developments within the blockchain space and to contribute to the growth of PoS networks like the <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/polkadot-overview-for-newcomers/">Polkadot Network</a>. Our vision extends beyond that of digital asset staking as we aim further research efforts across decentralisation and governance.</p><p>By partnering with Advanced Blockchain AG - a public blockchain network developer - we are able to identify innovative staking networks at an early stage whilst further growing our professional staking network. </p><!--kg-card-begin: markdown--><p> </p> <!--kg-card-end: markdown--><hr><!--kg-card-begin: markdown--><p> </p> <!--kg-card-end: markdown--><h2 id="about-p2p-validator">About P2P Validator</h2><p>P2P Validator is a leading non-custodial staking provider securing more than $3 billion in assets from across 25+ staking networks including <a href="https://p2p.org/polkadot?ref=p2p.org">Polkadot</a>, <a href="https://p2p.org/cosmos?ref=p2p.org">Cosmos</a>, <a href="https://p2p.org/solana?ref=p2p.org">Solana</a> and <a href="https://p2p.org/tezos?ref=p2p.org">Tezos</a>. Our services include transparent digital asset staking, advanced monitoring, dedicated account analyst and 24/7 support.  </p><p>To learn more about our range of professional staking services across networks like Polkadot, <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org#contact-us">contact us</a>.</p><!--kg-card-begin: markdown--><p> </p> <!--kg-card-end: markdown--><h2 id="about-advanced-blockchain-ag">About Advanced Blockchain AG</h2><p>Advanced Blockchain AG (Frankfurt, Primary Market Düsseldorf, XETRA: ISIN DE000A0M93V6) is a publicly listed blockchain venture builder and ecosystem supporter in Germany. Founded in 2017, their portfolio and ecosystem development approach is centered around Web 3.0 and distributed ledger technology. To learn more about Advanced Blockchain AG and its portfolio companies, visit en.advancedblockchain.com.</p>