PeerDAS is the core of the Fusaka upgrade. It’s the piece that actually shifts Ethereum’s capacity and changes the economics of data availability for rollups. While the concept is technical, the impact is practical: more room for L2s, more responsibility for node operators, and a more scalable Ethereum base layer.
Today we’re focusing specifically on PeerDAS: what it changes and what it means for the teams building on top of Ethereum — including P2P.org’s validator and node infrastructure.
Rollups publish compressed transaction data to Ethereum in the form of “blobs.”Since Dencun, this has been the cheapest and most scalable way to anchor L2 activity on-chain.
The bottleneck is how Ethereum verifies that data is available.Today, every node must download every blob in full. With blob throughput capped at 6 blobs per slot, the system simply cannot scale alongside growing L2 usage.
PeerDAS replaces this model with something lighter, safer, and more scalable.

Source: https://dune.com/hildobby/blobs
Instead of treating blob data as a single chunk that every node must download, PeerDAS breaks each blob into many independent pieces (“columns”). Each node downloads only a fraction of the blob. Other nodes download the remaining pieces.
Because these pieces are mathematically linked, sampling a subset with enough diversity gives the same confidence as downloading the whole blob.
This is a shift from full replication to distributed verification.

PeerDAS doesn’t just reduce bandwidth; it expands Ethereum’s capacity.
The network can safely increase blob limits from 6 → up to 48 blobs per slot over time. More data availability means rollups can post more frequently, at lower and more stable costs.
Rollups no longer compete for a narrow DA window, reducing situations where blob fees suddenly spike.
Higher bandwidth supports applications that generate more data — social networks, gaming activity, high-frequency trading, and more sophisticated L2 designs.
Rollups get the most direct benefit from PeerDAS. Their operating environment becomes cheaper and less volatile.
This is where the upgrade becomes more nuanced.
PeerDAS reduces per-node download requirements, but it increases node responsibilities:
Nodes must reliably fetch, store, and serve their assigned columns. Poor performance impacts peer scoring and can reduce overall network connectivity.
More blobs overall still means more data moving through the network. Even with sampling, operators will see more traffic than before.
Operators running very large key counts (>3,872 validators per node) are effectively pushed into “supernode” territory, which requires storing and serving all blob data.Some operators will choose this voluntarily for reliability and resilience.
Higher DA throughput and larger validator loads mean the infrastructure layer becomes even more important.
Our technical team has thoroughly tested PeerDAS functionality across Ethereum testnets, validating that our infrastructure handles the sampling mechanisms reliably while maintaining validator performance.
What PeerDAS changes for us:
When Fusaka activates in December 2025, P2P.org's validators will immediately leverage PeerDAS capabilities. Institutional clients will experience seamless transitions to the new data availability model with zero service interruption.
This preparation reflects P2P.org's broader approach: we don't wait for network upgrades to catch up. We test thoroughly, optimize proactively, and ensure our clients capture every advantage new protocol features offer.
For institutional validators, PeerDAS means better operational efficiency without compromising security. For the Ethereum ecosystem, it means Layer 2 solutions can scale to serve millions of users affordably.
For P2P.org, it reinforces a simple reality: as Ethereum scales, so do the expectations placed on those who secure it.
And for P2P.org clients, it means their infrastructure partner is positioned to deliver these benefits from day one of the upgrade.
Questions about how PeerDAS will impact your operations?
<h2 id="at-a-glance"><strong>At a Glance:</strong></h2><ul><li>Ethereum's Fusaka upgrade combines Prague and Osaka updates for 2025.</li><li>P2P.org is fully prepared for the increased bandwidth, load, and stability requirements introduced by the upgrade.</li><li>Data and execution capacity will be expanded, led by the introduction of PeerDAS.</li><li>Gas limit increase to 60M improves network capacity.</li><li>Rollups get more predictable, higher-throughput data availability; validators face a higher operational baseline.</li></ul><p>Ethereum is evolving, and <a href="http://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org"><u>P2P.org</u></a> is ready.</p><p>The Fusaka upgrade, scheduled for December 3 2025, represents one of Ethereum's most significant infrastructure improvements since The Merge. By combining the Prague execution layer upgrade with the Osaka consensus layer update, Fusaka delivers meaningful enhancements that directly benefit institutional stakers.</p><p>At P2P.org, we've built our reputation on zero slashing incidents across 40+ networks and 99.9% uptime. As Ethereum continues its evolution, we're ensuring our infrastructure and clients are positioned to capture every advantage.</p><p>Below is a straightforward breakdown of what’s changing and how it reshapes the environment that P2P.org operates in.</p><h2 id="what-fusaka-delivers"><strong>What Fusaka Delivers</strong></h2><h3 id="validator-consolidation"><br><strong>Validator Consolidation</strong></h3><p>The central change in Fusaka is PeerDAS (EIP-7594), which raises the maximum effective balance for validators from 32 ETH to 2048 ETH. For institutional clients managing substantial ETH positions, this is transformative.</p><p>Instead of operating hundreds of individual validators — each requiring separate management and incurring distinct costs — institutions can consolidate operations significantly. A treasury holding 10,000 ETH that previously required 313 validators can now manage the same position with just 5.</p><p>The operational efficiency gains are substantial. Fewer validators mean reduced attestation overhead, lower bandwidth requirements, and streamlined validator management. For institutions running validators through P2P.org's infrastructure, this translates to improved cost efficiency while maintaining the same security guarantees.</p><h3 id="increased-network-capacity"><strong>Increased Network Capacity</strong></h3><p>Fusaka raises Ethereum's default gas limit to 60M, increasing network throughput and improving transaction processing capacity. For institutional clients executing complex DeFi strategies or managing treasury operations, this means more reliable transaction execution during periods of high network activity.</p><h3 id="more-predictable-blob-fees"><strong>More Predictable Blob Fees</strong></h3><p>The upgrade improves the blob fee market mechanism, making Layer 2 data costs more predictable and stable. For institutions utilizing L2 solutions or managing cross-layer strategies, this creates better cost visibility and planning capabilities.</p><h3 id="enhanced-protocol-stability"><strong>Enhanced Protocol Stability</strong></h3><p>Fusaka includes critical stability fixes across the protocol, strengthening Ethereum's infrastructure foundation. These improvements reduce edge-case vulnerabilities and enhance the reliability institutional clients require.</p><p>The operational efficiency gains are substantial. Fewer validators mean reduced attestation overhead, lower bandwidth requirements, and streamlined validator management. For institutions running validators through P2P.org's infrastructure, this translates to improved cost efficiency while maintaining the same security guarantees.</p><h2 id="better-economics-simpler-operations"><strong>Better Economics, Simpler Operations</strong></h2><p>Fusaka's validator consolidation creates immediate benefits for institutional staking strategies:</p><p><strong>Reduced Operational Complexity</strong>: Institutions managing large ETH positions through P2P.org will see dramatic simplification in validator operations, reporting, and compliance tracking.</p><p><strong>Improved Capital Efficiency</strong>: With higher maximum balances, institutional clients can optimize their staking infrastructure costs while maintaining or improving their rewards.</p><p><strong>Enhanced Network Reliability</strong>: The gas limit increase and protocol stability fixes ensure institutional transactions process smoothly, even during peak network usage.</p><p><strong>Better Cost Predictability</strong>: More stable blob fees improve planning for institutions utilizing Layer 2 solutions alongside their staking operations.</p><p><strong>Enhanced Flexibility</strong>: The upgrade enables more sophisticated staking strategies, particularly for treasuries and asset managers who need precise control over large positions.</p><p><strong>Lower Exit Times</strong>: Consolidating validators means fewer individual exits to process, improving liquidity management for institutional clients.</p><h2 id="p2porgs-ethereum-commitment"><strong>P2P.org's Ethereum Commitment</strong></h2><p>Ethereum has been central to P2P.org's mission since our founding. We've secured billions in ETH for institutional clients with zero slashing incidents — a track record that becomes even more valuable as validator stakes increase.</p><p>As Fusaka rolls out, P2P.org's infrastructure is already prepared. Our institutional clients will benefit from:</p><ul><li><strong>Seamless migration</strong> support for validator consolidation</li><li><strong>Zero downtime</strong> during the upgrade transition</li><li><strong>Optimized validator configurations</strong> that maximize Fusaka's benefits</li><li><strong>Continued SOC 2 Type II compliance</strong> throughout the upgrade process</li></ul><p>Our technical team is working directly with Ethereum client developers and has thoroughly tested Fusaka functionality across our infrastructure. When the upgrade activates, P2P.org clients will be positioned to immediately capture the operational and economic advantages.</p><h2 id="looking-ahead"><strong>Looking Ahead</strong></h2><p>Fusaka represents Ethereum's continued commitment to institutional-grade infrastructure. The upgrade demonstrates that Ethereum is building for the long term — prioritizing validator efficiency, network scalability, and institutional needs.</p><p>For P2P.org, this aligns perfectly with our mission: providing institutional clients with the most secure, efficient, and reliable staking infrastructure in the market. As Ethereum evolves, so do we — ensuring our clients maintain their competitive advantage</p><p>Want to learn more about how Fusaka will impact your staking strategy?</p><div class="kg-card kg-button-card kg-align-center"><a href="https://link.p2p.org/bdteam?ref=p2p.org" class="kg-btn kg-btn-accent">Contact our institutional team</a></div>
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