Terra (LUNA) Staking Guides

Terra Terra (LUNA) Terra Station + Ledger Staking Guide

We will start by setting up your wallet. If you already have a wallet you can skip the Wallet Setup section.<h2 id="wallet-setup">Wallet Setup</h2>Start by downloading the Terra Station Wallet from the official <a href="https://www.terra.money/?ref=p2p.org#1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">website</a>:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://downloads.intercomcdn.com/i/o/365865010/14c8f27f7d47d8100f5c5188/image.png" class="kg-image" alt="Download Terra Station" loading="lazy"></figure>Install the Terra app on your ledger Wallet:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://downloads.intercomcdn.com/i/o/365891709/77c3262fd23b22bcc1417802/image.png" class="kg-image" alt="Ledger Terra app installation" loading="lazy"></figure>Connect your ledger wallet to Terra Station. To do that simply press Connect and select "Access with Ledger", while having the Terra app open on your ledger wallet:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://downloads.intercomcdn.com/i/o/365884031/3164723205c6feac34a63e26/image.png" class="kg-image" alt="Connect Terra station to Ledger" loading="lazy"></figure><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://downloads.intercomcdn.com/i/o/365884772/68b82b3728b0e4de19ac469e/image.png" class="kg-image" alt="Connect Terra station to Ledger" loading="lazy"></figure>Congrats your ledger wallet should now be connected to Terra Station. Now you just need to deposit funds to that address.<h2 id="how-to-stake">How to Stake</h2>Navigate to the Staking page on your Terra Station:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://downloads.intercomcdn.com/i/o/365897401/4182652a1238ba6c35b93be1/image.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Select P2P validator from the list:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://downloads.intercomcdn.com/i/o/365901947/8b9ce81a7ec4ece766bfd7bb/image.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Press the Delegate button and input the amount you want to delegate:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://downloads.intercomcdn.com/i/o/365903235/acf0c0b8d806890718f50e9f/image.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy"></figure>Confirm the transaction on your ledger and you are set. You will now start earning rewards. Please be sure to always leave a small amount of funds undelegated to pay for transaction fees.Please note that rewards are distributed approximately every 10 seconds and you will have to manually claim them.If any questions arise, whether on LUNA staking or not, feel free to contact us via <a href="https://twitter.com/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://t.me/P2Pstaking?ref=p2p.org">Telegram</a>, or <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org#contact-us">email</a>.<hr>About P2P Validator <a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org">P2P Validator</a> is a world-leading non-custodial staking provider with the best industry practices and proven expertise. We provide comprehensive due-diligence of digital assets and offer only high class staking opportunities securing more than 3 billion of USD value at the time of the latest update.P2P Validator is trusted by over 24,000 delegators across 25+ networks. We are a major player in all networks we support because of our experience, commitments and our reputation. We pay special attention to the process of governance. P2P has the intention to contribute and provide long term support to the Terra (LUNA) network.

Admin

from p2p validator

Cosmos, Staking, Kava, Terra, Regen Lost in Cosmos explorers...

Existing Cosmos explorers show limited information. In some cases, reward withdrawal happens not only by initiating <code>withdraw</code> transaction and there are unobvious events, which cause that action. We have added these hidden events to P2P Dashboard, implemented full reward history across all Cosmos Hub versions and opened it for community. Below, I will walk through the topic in detail with examples.<h3 id="transparency-limit">Transparency limit</h3>Every transaction that is recorded in non-private blockchain can easily be retrieved for analytical or other purposes providing clarity for end users. With such transparency everyone can get a trusted record of any event since the start of the network. But is it really an easy task for someone without deep knowledge in code and various API endpoints to get all the data they need?You may argue that there are multiple explorers built for this purpose but each of them focuses on various goals and doesn’t give a complete picture of all events happening in a particular network. For an ordinary user like me, explorers act as a window in this magic world of blockchains and our understanding is limited by the events various tools decide to display.Blockchains are still new and complex to understand. The increasing number of projects with a different logic and various triggers is aggravating. Transparency matters especially for financial transfers and events that can be used for accounting purposes. For example, in Proof-Of-Stake blockchains it can be a withdrawal of accumulated rewards.A diversity of high-quality explorers is significant for building user commitment to the network and facilitating trust although more tools do not always result in better visibility. Some explorers focus more on usability, which is also very important but it still is not conductive to increasing transparency for users of the network.<h3 id="unobvious-events-in-tendermint-blockchains">Unobvious events in Tendermint blockchains</h3>Let's take a look at the reward withdrawal process in Cosmos Hub. Surplus accumulates in a validator pool and can be withdrawn to the corresponding staking address manually. Basically, a delegator withdraws rewards at any point of time to receive them on address. Explorers show this operation with names like GetReward or Withdraw Reward. In fact that's not the only action that triggers reward withdrawal.<h4 id="example-27-03-2020-">Example (27.03.2020)</h4>Let's take a random account and check the information about its balance on<a href="https://www.mintscan.io/account/cosmos1d5lu67hu3lhqtw6zyv7uy4gkfpdtfnzxw0wga8?ref=p2p.org"> Mintscan</a> block explorer.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/1-5.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1784" height="547" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2020/09/1-5.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2020/09/1-5.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2020/09/1-5.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/1-5.png 1784w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure><figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/2-8.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1799" height="685" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2020/09/2-8.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2020/09/2-8.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2020/09/2-8.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/2-8.png 1799w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>If we calculate total balances using this transaction data we should get:<ul><li>Received: 484,7076 ATOM</li><li>Delegated: 474 ATOM</li><li>Tx Fees: 0,015 ATOM</li><li>Available: 10,692625 ATOM</li></ul>And here are values from<a href="https://www.mintscan.io/account/cosmos1d5lu67hu3lhqtw6zyv7uy4gkfpdtfnzxw0wga8?ref=p2p.org"> Mintscan</a>:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/3-7.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1890" height="532" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2020/09/3-7.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2020/09/3-7.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2020/09/3-7.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/3-7.png 1890w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>It is also true for the same address on <a href="https://cosmos.bigdipper.live/account/cosmos1d5lu67hu3lhqtw6zyv7uy4gkfpdtfnzxw0wga8?ref=p2p.org">Forbole</a>:<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/4-4.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1889" height="570" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2020/09/4-4.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2020/09/4-4.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2020/09/4-4.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/4-4.png 1889w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>We see an additional 0,971002 ATOM on the available balance, but where did they come from if there was no withdraw transaction made by this account? Of course you may say it's even less than 1 ATOM who cares? But systems based on a code should not allow any mistake. So, is the displayed balance correct or wrong? Let's look into it.In fact, the balance is correct. There are hidden events that trigger reward withdrawal but are not displayed on most explorers. These tools serve another purpose and these events do not correspond much to the observation of what is happening in general. Nevertheless, these triggers are still crucial for generating full withdrawal history and bringing clarity for delegators.There are five core types of actions delegators usually perform:<ul><li>Delegate to a validator</li><li>Redelegate to another validator</li><li>Undelegate from a validator</li><li>Withdraw accumulated rewards</li><li>Send available tokens to another address</li></ul>The first four of them initiate reward withdrawal, which is usually not displayed for the first three actions by most explorers.On P2P Dashboard you can check reward withdrawals related to the same address.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/5-4.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1895" height="482" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2020/09/5-4.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2020/09/5-4.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1600/2020/09/5-4.png 1600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/5-4.png 1895w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>In some cases, to apply updates of the network, validators stop producing blocks and upgrade node software. This process requires a transition to a new chain with a new genesis file that stores the actual state at the moment of chain halt. When the new chain becomes active what happens with accumulated rewards?These rewards also become available, the transition to the new chain triggers withdrawal but the event is also hidden and not obvious to delegators.<h3 id="p2p-dashboard">P2P Dashboard</h3>Every public network needs a variety of analytical tools to allow people without advanced technical skills to get information about what is going on from different angles. In Proof-Of-Stake blockchains a clear reward history and accessibility of historical data are especially important. What if you need to prove received reward referring to a particular event that simply does not displayed by any explorer?Thinking of that, we decided to conduct technical research to make all rewards and withdrawals together with corresponding messages accessible and transparent across all versions of Cosmos Hub.<blockquote>We have added ability to check all withdrawal events across all versions of Cosmos Hub on <a href="https://p2p.org/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=economy&utm_campaign=cosmos_dashboard_release#dashboard-block">P2P Dashboard</a> and made it open for community. In addition, any ATOM delegator can check all withdrawals, get full reward history and download a report in CSV for multiple addresses.</blockquote>To start, go to <a href="https://p2p.org/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=economy&utm_campaign=cosmos_dashboard_release">p2p.org</a> and click <code>Get started</code> button in the top right corner. Connect to the dashboard manually by entering the address or using your Ledger device.<hr>Want to stake with us? Alexey will be happy to help. Contact [email protected] to get personal assistance.<hr>P2P Validator provides secure non-custodial staking. Subscribe to our channels and stay tuned for updates and new blog posts.Stake ATOM with us:<a href="https://p2p.org/cosmos?ref=p2p.org"> https://p2p.org/cosmos</a>Web:<a href="https://p2p.org/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=economy&utm_campaign=cosmos_dashboard_release"> https://p2p.org</a>Twitter:<a href="https://twitter.com/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org"> @p2pvalidator</a>Telegram:<a href="https://t.me/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org"> https://t.me/p2pvalidator</a>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

Economy, Terra How Terra prints money without centralized authority

It is not a secret that governments control the money printing press. It is a powerful tool that allows the filling of the economy with liquidity when it is needed. This process usually dilutes share of currency holders and causes an inflation surge, but also may boost spendings and ability of entrepreneurs to borrow cheaper and pay their employees thus resulting in higher employment rates leading to higher tax returns for the government. Wise usage of currency emission allows governments to accumulate rising tax gains and earn interest rate paid on issued money, which are in fact profit from money creation - seigniorage. These gains are used to stimulate fiscal spending and support economic growth.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/1-11.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1190" height="724" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2020/09/1-11.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2020/09/1-11.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/1-11.png 1190w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>One of the most common uses of money is as a convenient unit of exchange for buying goods and services. To earn some, people can produce goods or provide some useful services, but they do not have an opportunity to earn profit from the emission. This process is monopolized by centralized entities. But, imagine there is an option to participate in a novel currency emission and have rights to get a portion of seigniorage in an algorithmic and decentralized manner?<h1 id="terra-brief-overview">Terra brief overview</h1>Terra project implemented the best practices of government fiscal policy and fulfilled them with solid additions that benefit e-commerce platforms (providers) and users as well. The concept combines features of cheap cross-border transactions in stablecoins and the ability for every user to participate in the growing e-commerce economy pretending on portions of transaction fees and seigniorage profit returning capital back to the people.The core idea of Terra project is to bring on the market a stable family of cryptocurrencies without the necessity to store fiat collateral in the centralized bank and allow parties to transact not worrying about high volatility. This is very important for the crypto community and worldwide adoption. To achieve that goal, Terra developed a complex algorithm of price stabilization, which I will try to explain later.There are three types of stablecoin implementations:<ul><li>Collateralized (fiat or crypto or mixed) each coin is backed by a defined currency at some ratio which covers spikes in demand. This type is the most common one and include such prominent projects as Maker (DAI), TrueUSD or <a href="https://p2p.org/economy/kava-the-first-decentralized-lending-platform-in-cosmos">Kava (USDX)</a></li><li>Algorithmic (utilizes various mechanisms to follow the peg)</li><li>Hybrid (use both features)</li></ul>Family of Terra stablecoins represent the second type and include various coins maintaining the peg to different currencies, like USD, KRW, and EUR. The less volatile stablecoin in that group is pegged to a basket of currencies <a href="https://www.imf.org/external/np/fin/data/rms_sdrv.aspx?ref=p2p.org">SDR IMF</a>. To provide conversions between currencies, the protocol supports atomic swaps at the fair fiat exchange rate. This allows Terra to offer foreign exchanges efficiently and simplify cross-border payments.<h1 id="how-terra-achieves-price-stability-and-benefit-e-commerce-providers-maintaining-stable-reward-growth-for-stakeholders">How Terra achieves price stability and benefit e-commerce providers maintaining stable reward growth for stakeholders</h1>Another important part of Terra project is a staking token LUNA. LUNA may be considered as a decentralized collateral, representing a buffer absorbing volatility. It captures the value of the transaction flow and redistributes it among stakeholders (everyone who stake) creating incentives for them to care about low volatility of stablecoin family. Terra protocol utilizes Tendermint consensus mechanism and another important purpose of staking token is securing the network creating incentives for validators, who play roles of price oracles for inner currency exchanges and broadcast transactions in the network to behave in the interests of the ecosystem and properly provide their services.Without fiat collateral and centralized control over the “printing press” it is not easy to provide price stability and control the total supply as well as inner economics in general. To create the market for the own currency, Terra united an alliance of e-commerce providers in Asia who are interested in using stablecoins as a payment method offering it to their customers. Terra money is issued in a decentralized manner depending on the demand and total market size.For example, if existing supply is not high enough, when transaction volumes grow significantly, demand for stablecoins may also increase. The price of a single unit may rise creating an arbitraging opportunity for the payment network participants who stake LUNA. They can exchange one to another with the inner price, and benefit from its deviations out of the peg. In response, to provide the exchange protocol mints requested amount of currency that can be used to release risk-free profit on the open market returning the peg.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/2-14.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1062" height="334" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2020/09/2-14.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2020/09/2-14.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/2-14.png 1062w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>When protocol gets tokens in exchange for minting it distribute a part of that provisions to the treasury burning the rest with a <code>burn rate</code> which is defined by the protocol and depends on changes in the macroeconomic variables. This module is playing the role of decentral algorithmic bank regulating a transaction fee rate and weight of seigniorage that goes to stakers.When the economy is in the growth stage, spendings are high. People purchase more goods and services. That results in rising inflation. When inflation surges people cut spendings, slowing them down. It leads to lower profits for companies resulting in the inability to pay their debts or make investments. The economy slows down. To fix it, according to a Keynesian approach, when the economy is rising and families spend a lot, Central Banks should do the opposite to control inflation and be able to step in when the economic cycle is moving closer to a recession. That is exactly the way how the economy is functioning today.Treasury module is doing exactly the same for Terra economy. In periods of growth and rising transaction volumes it increases accumulation of LUNA earned in exchange for minting Terra by decreasing the <code>burn rate</code>. When the economy begins to contract in the cycle of lower transaction volumes Terra protocol facilitates spendings using accumulated funds in the treasury, bootstrapping stable demand and economic growth. Another purpose of these provisions is to provide discounts for usage of Terra stablecoin as a payment. If people prefer to pay that way, it obviously creates additional incentives for e-commerce providers to join the Terra network.The core priority for the success of such a system is to create strong incentives for LUNA staking even in periods of instability. This mechanism works like programmatically determined equalizer, managing LUNA <code>burn rate</code> and <code>transaction fee rate</code> which together represent staking rewards. To provide stable staking reward growth, protocol measure and balance these components depending on the economic variables.<ul><li>When the LUNA <code>burn rate</code> is high it rewards holders as staking power of their assets is rising. To smooth that growth, protocol decreases the <code>transaction fee rate</code>.</li><li>When the LUNA <code>burn rate</code> is low it dilutes holders and staking power is falling. To compensate that, protocol increases the <code>transaction fee rate</code>.</li></ul><h1 id="decentralized-resource-allocation">Decentralized resource allocation</h1>Terra may be applied to various sectors with different decentralized applications (dApps) built on top creating multiple token economies managed by the single programmable module. Treasury funds will be filling from various sources. Growth cycles and inflow changes from one sector will cover a decline in another.<figure class="kg-card kg-image-card"><img src="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/3-13.png" class="kg-image" alt loading="lazy" width="1049" height="482" srcset="https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w600/2020/09/3-13.png 600w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/size/w1000/2020/09/3-13.png 1000w, https://p2p.org/economy/content/images/2020/09/3-13.png 1049w" sizes="(min-width: 720px) 720px"></figure>Capital allocations for dApps development would be managed by the network participants in a decentralized manner via governance. Every LUNA holder may cast a vote taking into consideration actual results of a particular dApp measuring potential benefit. This model creates motivation for dApp providers to investigate new incentive models and offers a unique value proposition competing with others for capital allocation.In existing centralized decision making on fiscal spending, a small group of people decide how resources should be allocated. There is a high probability of corruption schemes or lobbying interested parties. In those cases, resources may not be spent efficiently. Future economic outcomes may suffer, undermining the entire ecosystem.Terra is aimed to become a convenient medium of exchanging programmable money that enables easy foreign currency swaps and cross-border payments bridging traditional economies with advantages of decentralization.An optimal economic resources distribution, a sophisticated stability mechanism, strong network effects and an ability to provide incentives for users is a big step towards mass adoption for digital currency. Now the community can participate in the economy that distributes wealth back to society without the need to trust a limited group of individuals, that may be accumulating lots of money and power, fighting their desire to put some in their own pockets.<hr>I am not an economist or financial adviser, all opinions expressed in this article are my own thoughts on that topic. Special thanks to Do Kwon and Nicholas Platias for their answers and assistance. For deeper dive into the protocol concepts you may visit <a href="https://agora.terra.money/?ref=p2p.org">Agora, Terra research forum</a>.<hr>P2P Validator offers high-quality staking facilities and provides up to date information for educational purposes. Stay tuned for updates and new blog posts.<hr>Web:<a href="https://p2p.org/?ref=p2p.org"> https://p2p.org</a>Stake LUNA with us:<a href="https://p2p.org/terra?ref=p2p.org"> https://p2p.org/terra</a>Twitter:<a href="https://twitter.com/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org"> @p2pvalidator</a>Telegram:<a href="https://t.me/p2pvalidator?ref=p2p.org"> https://t.me/p2pvalidator</a>

Alex Bondar

from p2p validator

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